The main objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of Listeria spp. in Portuguese domestic refrigerators and to evaluate some of the hygienic practices in the domestic environment that might contribute to the persistence of the organisms. It was found that L. monocytogenes was present in 3 domestic refrigerators of the 86 investigated. L. grayi and L. innocua were also isolated from 4 and 1 refrigerators, respectively.Overall, the information obtained from our survey demonstrates the need for consumer education in Portugal regarding safe food handling practices. For the refrigerators investigated, 71% were operating at a temperature higher than 6.1°C, 87% were cleaned only monthly or less frequently, and only 8% were cleaned with appropriate proprietary cleaning products available in supermarkets.