The impact of whole egg addition (as is) at 20%, 25%, or 30% (flour basis) on sorghum bread quality was evaluated. The use of the antistaling agent diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides (DATEM) at 0.5% (flour basis) at each of the egg addition levels was also studied. Evaluated quality factors included color, specific volume, and crumb structure. Texture analysis was performed to evaluate the rate of quality loss based on changes in crumb hardness values over time. A trained sensory panel evaluated bread quality attributes by descriptive analysis. Sorghum breads with egg had larger specific volumes than the control, while DATEM had a negative effect on the volume of sorghum gluten-free bread. Inclusion of egg in the bread formula improved cell structure and produced darker crust (P < 0.05). The addition of egg reduced bread hardness and slowed the rate of quality loss over a 12-d storage period. Descriptive analysis confirmed the findings of texture analysis. Control breads were significantly harder (P < 0.05) than egg-containing bread at days 0 and 4. This research demonstrates that addition of eggs to a gluten-free sorghum bread formulation results in improved storage stability and better overall quality and acceptability of the product.

For the determination of pesticides in coated seeds, this study compared two HPLC-UV methods, using a short column or a conventional column, as well as two extraction procedures, by ultrasonic extraction at room temperature or by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The comparison of selected column performances showed that the short column enabled the 3-fold reduction of analysis time (ca. 9 min vs 29 min) and eluent consumption (ca. 6.1 mL vs 20.8 mL) for the separation of five insecticides (bitertanol, fludioxonil, imidacloprid, metalaxyl-M and tefluthrin) and one bird repellent (anthraquinone) without altering peak resolutions. Recovery rates for pressurized liquid extraction at 120 degrees C were similar (between 84% and 102%) to those obtained by ultrasonication. Both methods were then applied for the extraction of loaded seeds. Rates for ultrasonic extraction at room temperature were lower (from 16% to 95%) than those observed for recovery tests, unlike PLE at 120 degrees C which showed good rates, ranging between 82% and 95%, for all the loaded pesticides.