No abstract

The aim of this article is to present the trends in extraction techniques applied for the isolation of pesticides from plant matrix. To fully compare the effectiveness of different extraction techniques, it was required to analyze compounds with possibly wide spectrum of physicochemical properties. Hence, compounds representing neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, sulfonylureas and phenylamides were selected. Based on literature studies, it may be concluded that there are three main approaches to make the analytical procedures for pesticides determination more effective: (i) the optimization of extraction conditions, however, according to ANOVA conducted on the collected literature data, not all parameters influence the extraction process equally; chemometric studies based on literature reports may lead to the conclusion that the most favorable conditions (criterion: analyte recovery, repeatability) for neonicotinoid, pyrethroid and sulfonylurea herbicide extraction from plant tissues are provided by QuEChERS - extraction with acetonitrile, while the mixtures of PSA and GCB (for neonicotinoids), and PSA, GCB, C18 (for pyrethroids) should be used in d-SPE step. For sulfonylurea compounds and metalaxyl it was impossible to identify a sorbent(s) that cleans up the extract more effectively than the others; (ii) to develop a new generation of sorbents; however, the range of their applicability is limited, mainly due to difficulties in their synthesis; (iii) to develop the new extraction techniques with as few "trouble spots" as possible.

No abstract

No abstract

The program of potato protection recommended by the producers of agrochemicals requires application: thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, rimsulfuron and metalaxyl. Therefore, there is a risk that these pesticides are present in tubers, thus posing a toxicological risk to the consumer. In this respect, it is necessary to monitor the presence of these compounds in edible plants. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to develop a novel, simple and robust analytical procedure for simultaneous determination of above-mentioned pesticides in potato tubers. To develop an analytical procedure that fulfills SANTE demands, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method and matrix solid phase dispersion technique were investigated. The final determination was conducted by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The obtained experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance. For the extraction of analytes, matrix solid phase dispersion with octadecyl sorbent and methanol as eluent was chosen, since it provides the validation parameters according to SANTE requirements (recovery: 77–111%, relative standard deviation: 1–10%, limit of quantification: 0.9–5.0 μg/kg). This innovative analytical procedure is a practical analytical tool, which was successfully proven by applying it for target pesticides determination in potato tuber samples of different varieties randomly chosen at local markets.