The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome were studied in healthy and Pasteurella multocida-infected rabbits after a single intramuscular (IM) injection at 2 mg/kg of its sulfate salt. Twelve female New Zealand white rabbits (2.0-2.5 kg) were used; six of them served as controls, and the other six had been infected with P. multocida; the experiments were conducted 1-2 days after nasal inoculation of P. multocida when rabbits showed the signs of respiratory infection. Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The values of elimination half-life, area under the curve, area under the first moment curve, and mean residence time were significantly lower in infected rabbits (0.48 hr, 4.54 hr*μg/ml, 3.63 hr* hr*μg/ml and 0.8 hr, respectively) than healthy rabbits (0.72 hr, 9.11 hr*μg/ml, 9.85 hr* hr*μg/ml and 1.1 hr, respectively), whereas total body clearance was significantly higher in infected than healthy rabbits. Therefore, P. multocida infection caused significant changes in some of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefquinome in rabbits. These pharmacokinetic changes may affect dose regimen when used in P. multocida-infected rabbits.

Objectives: To investigate possible side effects of ketoconazole and griseofulvin on fertility of clinically healthy male rabbits. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Thirty mature male rabbits. Procedures: Rabbits were randomly allocated into three equal sized groups (10 animals each). The first group served as a control group (received no treatment), the second group received griseofulvin (25 mg/kg B.W) orally for 30 days, and the third group received ketoconazole (50 mg/kg B.W) orally for 30 days. Semen samples were collected after 1 day, 1 week and 2 weeks post-administration to determine sperm motility, % of live and dead sperms, total sperm abnormalities and sperm cell concentration. Two weeks post-administration, testes and epididymides were removed for histopathological examination. Results: Both drugs produced a significant reduction in the serum testosterone level, sperm cell concentration, percent of live sperms and percent of sperm motility. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Ketoconazole and griseofulvin have a negative impact on fertility of male rabbits, and the effect is more pronounced with ketoconazole.

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T o inves tig ate poss ible s ide e ffe cts of ke tocona z ole a nd g ris e ofulvin on fertility of clinica lly healthy male rabbits . Design: Random iz e d controlle d experim e ntal study. Animals : Thirty mature male rabbits . Proce dure s: Ra bbits we re ra ndom ly a lloca te d into thre e e qua l siz e d g roups (10 a nimals ea ch). T he firs t g roup s e rve d as a control g roup (re ceive d no tre atm e nt), the s e cond group re ce ive d g ris e ofulvin (25 mg / kg B.W ) orally for 30 da ys , a nd the third g roup re ce ive d ke tocona z ole (50 mg / kg B.W ) ora lly for 30 da ys . Se m e n sa m ple s we re colle cte d afte r 1 da y, 1 we e k a nd 2 we e ks post -a dm inistra tion to de te rm ine s pe rm m otility, % of live a nd de a d s pe rm s , tota l s pe rm a bnorm a lities a nd s pe rm cell conce ntra tion. T wo we e ks pos t-a dm inis tration, tes tes a nd e pididym ides we re re m ove d for histopa tholog ica l examination. Re s ults: Both drug s produce d a sig nifica nt re duction in the se rum tes tos te rone le ve l, sperm cell concentra tion, percent of live sperms and percent of sperm motility. Conclus ion and clinical re le vance: Ke toconaz ole a nd g ris e ofulvin ha ve a ne ga tive impa ct on fertility of male rabbits , and the effect is more pronounce d with ketoconaz ole .

Objective: The effects of rosemary (10 mg/kg B.W) and husk (5 mg/kg B.W) on hemogram, GSH , CAT , NO, IL-1β and IL-10 of rats (40 albino rats) were investigated Design:Experimental study Animals: 40 albino rats Procedures: The 1st group was served as negative control, while the remaening groups (2nd, 3rd and 4th) were given acetic acid (4%) to induce ulcerative colitis (UC). Then the 2nd group was used as positive control, the 3rd group was orally given rosemary daily for 7 days, while the 4th group was orally administerated husk daily for 7 days. Blood and serum samples were collected from all groups at one week post dosing Results: The obtained results revealed that, both the tested plants induced a significant increase in RBCs, Hb, PCV% and lymphocyte counts and a significant decrease in WBC, neutrophil, monocyte and blood platelets of treated rats compared with the positive control group. Conclusion and clinical relevance:In addition rosemary and husk evoked a significant increase in GSH, CAT and IL-10 and a significant decrease in NO and IL-1β in serum of treated rats in comparions with the positive control group.