The accreditation process of primary healthcare centers in Chile has not had the same progress as in hospitals, which show high levels of compliance. The purpose of this research is to characterize the communes that have accredited family healthcare centers (CESFAMs) through socio-economic, municipal management, clinical management, and population variables by performing a principal components analysis (PCA) with biplot analysis and a grouping of communes through a hierarchical analysis. The biplot analysis and hierarchical analysis yielded the formation of three large groups of communes with accredited CESFAMs, characterized mainly by population size, number of people registered in the municipal health system, socioeconomic indicators, and financial management and clinical management variables. It was found that the communes that have accredited CESFAMs are characterized by dissimilar behavior in relation to the variables analyzed. Through the model used, it was possible to establish at least three groups of communes according to their behavior against these variables. Of these, the variables of a municipal financial nature were not decisive in achieving the accreditation of the CESFAMs of these communes. Therefore, it is possible that there are other variables or factors that could be facilitating the achievement of accreditation processes.

Introducción. El cuidado de enfermería tiene una connotación ética reflejada en los atributos que implica el ejercicio del deber, establecido principalmente en el Código de ética profesional, mientras la ética de la virtud apela al desarrollo de valores. Autoras como Gilligan, Noddigns y Tronto han aportado desde la ética del cuidado, como referentes ético-teóricos al ámbito de una enfermería feminizada. Objetivo. Describir la contribución de la Ética del cuidado a la enfermería profesional. Metodología. Reflexión de tipo teórica que pretende aumentar la comprensión del cuidado a partir de los marcos conceptuales y epistemológicos desarrollado por las autoras revisadas. Resultados y discusión. El manuscrito se organizó describiendo: a) los conceptos considerados clave en la Ética del cuidado, b) Gilligan y la Ética del cuidado, y finalmente, b) el aporte realizado por Tronto y Noddigns que han ampliado la discusión sobre el cuidado a nivel universal, aportando al cuidado informal como profesional. Conclusiones. La Ética del cuidado ha permitido desarrollar marcos conceptuales que facilitan la comprensión del cuidado de manera universal, dándole un estatus fundamental para la vida en sociedad. Recuperar las virtudes éticas para el cuidado en un justo equilibrio con el deber, contribuye a que la enfermería revalore lo emocional en la relación de ayuda que establece con los pacientes y las comunidades.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate universal accessibility in phc centers in the Atacama region, Chile, through an analytical cross-sectional study with a quality approach, which uses the external audit model with the application of a dichotomous comparison guideline, evaluating levels of compliance with four dimensions of universal accessibility described in the literature: participation, information, accessibility chain and architectural aspects. This was carried out in 18 phc, and set as lcl of 70% to compare levels of compliance, and a hierarchical model and k-mean analysis were applied. Results: Very low compliance averages were obtained, 37.7% participation, 4% information, 44.4% access chain, and 63.9% architectural aspects, indicating a critical situation. Moreover, the cluster comparison allowed to observe that a group of healthcare centers complies more than other groups, which requires more attention. Conclusions: The low level of accessibility for people with disabilities may be associated with various factors that require further monitoring and analysis. However, low levels of accessibility require changing the way of relating to this vulnerable group of the population, and considering including them in the design and reasonable adjustments made in phc centers. The findings from this research open the possibility for future research that increases understanding of how to reduce barriers in a such wide variety of forms of disability.

Este artículo tiene como propósito reflexionar sobre la situación de estigma y discriminación que afecta a personas con VIH/SIDA. Esto constituye una vulneración a los derechos fundamentales de estas personas y una barrera en el avance hacia la eliminación de la enfermedad. Ya que estudios realizados en diferentes países dan cuenta que las personas en esta condición se sienten discriminadas por la sociedad, y por los profesionales de la salud. Este es uno de los aspectos que ha dificultado el acceso al tratamiento, su adhesión, y educación para el cambio de conducta en los grupos de riesgo.

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