One of the three most serious and deadly cancers in the world is colorectal cancer. The most crucial stage, like with any cancer, is early diagnosis. In the medical industry, artificial intelligence (AI) has recently made tremendous strides and showing promise for clinical applications. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) applications have recently gained popularity in the analysis of medical texts and images due to the benefits and achievements they have made in the early diagnosis of cancerous tissues and organs. In this paper, we intend to systematically review the state-of-the-art research on AI-based ML and DL techniques applied to the modeling of colorectal cancer. All research papers in the field of colorectal cancer are collected based on ML and DL techniques, and they are then classified into three categories: the aim of the prediction, the method of the prediction, and data samples. Following that, a thorough summary and a list of the studies gathered under each topic are provided. We conclude our study with a critical discussion of the challenges and opportunities in colorectal cancer prediction using ML and DL techniques by concentrating on the technical and medical points of view. Finally, we believe that our study will be helpful to scientists who are considering employing ML and DL methods to diagnose colorectal cancer.

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