Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common acute hyperglycemic emergency in children with diabetes mellitus. DKA is the consequence of an absolute or relative lack of insulin and concomitant elevation of counter-regulatory hormones, usually resulting in the triad of hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketosis. This study aimed to determine the frequency and prognostic significance of serum lactate in children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to the Pediatrics department.Methods: This study was a comparative cross-sectional study that included sixty participants. They were divided into 30 children with diabetic ketoacidosis and 30 age and sex matched healthy children as a control group. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between serum lactate and venous blood pH (p = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum lactate and CRP (p = 0.029). There was a significant negative correlation between serum lactate and recovery time (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Lactic acidosis is common in DKA, and is not always a finding that predicts the severity of the disease or its mortality.

Background: Our goal is to study the hematological changes in Covid-19 and the relation between these changes and the progression of the disease. Methods: It combined a retrospective and prospective study at the isolation unit of Covid-19 department of Benha Children Hospital. The time frame for this research was from January of 2021 through December of the same year. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) /Kawasaki, were included in the study. Results: This study included 300 patients who were divided into two groups based on their PCR results. Group I: negative PCR group (223 patients). Group II: positive PCR group (77 patients). Mean age was statistically significantly higher among negative COVID 19 group than positive group (p=0.03). Mean HB and HCT % were statistically significantly higher among negative COVID 19 group than positive group (p=0.02 and 0.03 respectively), Mean D-dimmer, Sferritin and L D H were statistically significantly higher among positive COVID 19 group than negative group (p<0.001). Contact with a probable, confirmed or linked to cluster results, was statistically significantly higher among positive COVID 19 (58.4%) group than negative group (14.8%) (p<0.001). Less than 1 year old age was statistically significantly higher among positive COVID 19 (61%) group than negative group (45.7%) (p=0.02). Conclusion: Diagnosing COVID-19 and determining prognosis may be aided by testing blood parameters. Shifts in the lymphocyte count are not readily apparent in children. However, D-dimer levels are elevated in COVID-19-infected children. Abnormal hematological parameters are one way in which COVID-19 might manifest itself, and they can serve as early evidence for diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective: This study aims to assess the level of miR-210 in Egyptian women with pre-eclampsia (PE) and to evaluate its role in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 pregnant women with PE divided into two groups: group (I): included 15 cases with mild PE and group (II): included 15 cases of severe PE and, 20 healthy pregnant women with matched age and sex were included as control group. All women included in the study were subjected to, history taking full clinical examination, laboratory investigations included (CBC), (PT), (ALT, AST), (urea, creatinine), detection of protein in urine, as well as miRNA-210 gene expression by RT-PCR. Results: Patients with PE showed a highly significantly increase in serum miR-210 (P value <0.001) compared to control as well as, it was higher in severe PE than in mild PE (P value <0.001). MiR 210 have highly significant positive correlation with (systolic, diastolic, MABP), (Proteinuria) and (PT) a significant positive correlation with (AST), (ALT),.However no significant correlation was found with (Hb%) ,platelet count, PTT and INR, serum urea and creatinine. PTT was statistically significant (P value 0.002).The best cutoff value of PE (2.03) with sensitivity and specificity of 90.0% and 85.0% respectively. Conclusion: Expression of mir-210 is upregulated in pre-eclampsia and was higher in severe than in mild. Hence, the serum miR-210 can be used as a diagnostic, prognostic biomarker in PE patients and understanding pathophysiology.