Some reports have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy could ameliorate chemicallyinduced hepatic fibrosis. This research assesses the therapeutic action of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on chronic diseased liver in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. All infected female mice divided into three groups, one group (15 mice) treated with oral praziquantel (PZQ), second group (15 mice) received intravenous injection of BM-MSCs and third group (15 mice) treated with both MSCs ? PZQ. Two control groups (15 mice each) subdivided into one infected and second healthy one. BM-MSCs were obtained from bones of both femur and tibia of male mice (30 mice), then cultured and characterized morphologically by detection of CD105 by flow cytometer. Liver tissues for all groups were examined histopathologically. Measuring of the collagen 1 gene expression was done by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical study to detect stem cells differentiation for detection of MSCs engraftments in liver tissue. MSCs treatment caused marked improvement and regression of fibrosis, and prevents deposition of collagen and reduced the expression of collagen 1 gene in infected mice on their liver tissues, especially when used with PZQ in mice treatment. It can be concluded that, MSCs is a good therapeutic method for liver fibrosis caused by S. mansoni infection.

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Trichinosis is a sharable parasitic disease caused by spp., the disease occurred on eating inappropriate cooked pork infected by the parasite encysted larvae. This study aimed to evaluate experimentally the impact of treatment by thiabendazole, praziquantel (PZQ) and prednisone on induced parasitological, serological and apoptotic changes. Forty albino rats were infected orally each by ± 1000 larvae, divided into four groups each of 10 rats, group (A) infected control, group (B) thiabendazole tested, group (C) PZQ tested and group (D) prednisone tested. On the seventh and 40th days post-infection, all groups were evaluated parasitologically by the number of the intestinal worms and the muscular encysted larvae, while IFN-γ and TNF-α were estimated by ELISA, histopathological and histochemical assessment of the tissue changes during both phases were performed by different stains. In conclusion, thiabendazole was a potent and curable drug, it showed nearly 100% efficacy on intestinal worms, highly significant variations in cytokines levels during both the intestinal and muscular phases, while it induced moderate effects on encysted muscular larvae number, In addition it ameliorated myocytes apoptotic changes induced by trichinosis.

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Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of human diarrhea worldwide in immunocompromised individuals causing severe, chronic and possibly life threatening diarrhea. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has been approved for treatment of diarrhea in immunocompetent children and adults, but not effective in immunosuppressed individuals. The present study evaluated the effect of NTZ-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on intestinal dysplastic changes of experimental Cryptosporidium infection in immunosuppressed murine model using parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Fifty immunosuppressed male mice, divided into 5 groups (10 each) as following: G1: non infected control, G2: non-treated infected control, G3: infected then treated by nitazoxanide, G4: infected then treated by nitazoxanide loaded on chitosan nanoparticles, G5: infected then treated by chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs). NTZ loaded on chitosan NPs treated mice showed the highest significant reduction in oocysts shedding, a remarkable improvement in histopathological changes and the least expression of cyclin D1 marker denoting the best protection presented to intestinal dysplastic changes caused by Cryptosporidium infection of the intestine followed by treatment with NTZ then by treatment with CS NPs alone that showed some improvement in histopathological and immunohistochemical changes.