Palm oil as an agricultural commodity plays an important role in the development of the Indonesian economy, considering it in producing vegetable oil. Policies for developing new and renewable energy in Indonesia aims to encourage the optimization of the use of biofuels from oil palm. This policy still raises pros and cons, so that analysis needs to be carried out through an environmental science perspective. This study aims to assess the sustainability of palm oil (CPO) as a basic material for making biodiesel from environmental, social, and economic aspects, as well as to provide recommendations on a sustainable palm oil biodiesel policy strategy. The method used is a qualitative analysis. Descriptive analysis of supporting literature is used to assess environmental, social, and economic aspects of palm oil-based biodiesel sustainability in Indonesia. The use of biodiesel in the country is expected to be sustainable in line with the stipulation of the mandatory biodiesel of 30 percent (B30) in 2019 by the Government as a substitute for fuel mixture. It was found that there are advantages to using palm oil-based biodiesel compared to other vegetable oils. Palm oil-based biodiesel can be produced in a sustainable manner.

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The reduced age function of Sengguruh Dam/Reservoir due to erosion in the upper of Brantas Watershed (Lesti Subwatershed area) interferes with its role in flood control, irrigation water supply and the supply of most of the hydroelectricity in East Java Province, Indonesia. This study aims to estimate erosion, analyze the interrelationship of the causative factors and provides environmental conservation direction. The research method uses mixed methods. The quantitative method of erosion rates is done by calculating the Modify Universal Soil Loss Equation which is supported by GIS tools. The qualitative method is carried out with questionnaires and interviews in the Lesti Subwatershed area. The results showed that the current erosion rate in each ha of land (average) in the Lesti Subwatershed was 153,868 tons / ha / year (exceeding the tolerable erosion rate of 30 tons / ha / year). The rate of erosion in the Lesti Subwatershed has always increased in the last 14 years. Of the 12 Subdistricts in the Lesti watershed, as many as 6 Subdistricts are identified as having high levels of Erosion Hazards so that they were a priority to be handled, namely in the Wajak, Dampit, Tirtoyudo, , Gedangan, Sumbermanjing Wetan and Bantur Subdistricts. Dampit Subdistrict, Turen Subdistrict and Gondanglegi Subdistrict also face behavioral problems and high population pressure compared to other Subdistricts. Research also shows that there is a relationship between erosion and knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the community in the form of population pressure and land use patterns. It is recommended that environmental conservation directives focus on these 6 Sub-districts through the application of soil and water conservation. The results of spatial analysis at priority locations suggest conservation measures in the form of law enforcement or counseling, and community empowerment to increase the ability and independence of the community through providing access to resources, education, and training.

The West Papua Province has declared itself a sustainable development province by implementing various programs to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). The social, environmental, and economic factors in West Papua need to be linked to improving the HDI as one of the programs to achieve SDGs. The declining poverty rate in West Papua Province in 2010-2018 has had a significant impact on increasing the HDI of West Papua. This study aims to identify factors that affect the HDI and the dynamics and predictions concerning the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), agricultural sector development, and low-carbon development. This study uses the system dynamic method to understand the economic and environmental variables that affect the human development index. The simulation results indicate that the national GHG emission target can be achieved by a GRDP correction of 162.66 billion based on scenario 1 (29% reduction) and 115.55 billion based on scenario 2 (41% reduction). However, the West Papua HDI will only be corrected by 0.3 (Scenario 1) and 0.2 (Scenario 2). In conclusion, the total GRDP of West Papua was corrected with emission reduction under the 41% reduction scenario, but it does not significantly affect the HDI of West Papua Province.

Dampak aktivitas di dalam Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS), baik alami maupun karena pera nmanusia salah satunya adalah erosi. Erosi berkaitan dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam yang melibatkan aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Perubahan iklim global, meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, dan intensitas kegiatan ekonomi mempercepat perubahan kondisi DAS, termasuk di bagian hulu. Sub DAS Lesti sebagai salah satu Sub DAS di Hulu DAS Brantas berperanan penting dalam menyumbang sedimen sebagai dampak erosi yang tidak terkendali,sehingga berpengaruh terhadap umur guna Waduk Sengguruh di hilirnya. Penelitian terkait erosi di Sub DAS Lesti selama ini hanya dikaitkan dengan faktor-faktor biofisik DAS seperti kemiringan lereng, faktor vegetasi, dan erodibilitas tanah. Keterkaitan aspek sosial, yaitu perilaku masyaraka tterhadap pilihan penggunaan lahan dan besarnya erosivitas limpasan adalah hal yang jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keterkaitan ini dengan pendekatan statistik, hidrologi, dan spasial dalam kerangka ilmu lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed method dengan analisis perilaku menggunakan cross tabulation, debit limpasan dihitung dengan persamaan rasional modifikasi dan erosivitas limpasan dianalisis menggunakan rumus Williams (1975) serta tools SIG. Hasil overlay peta erosivitas limpasan permukaan dengan peta perilaku dan tata guna lahan menunjukkan semakin negatif perilaku masyarakat pada suatu kecamatan, maka semakin tinggi nilai erosivitas limpasan dan berada pada lahan yang rentan erosi.