Ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea) have been cultivated on ion-adsorption rare earth elements (REEs) mine tailings and showed a low ability to accumulate REEs, especially in the stems (REE= 24±17 mg kg -1 ) with higher concentration in leaves and roots (REE= 57 to 66 mg kg -1 ). Ramie individual fibers were isolated using three degumming processes: a traditional alkali treatment (AT), a steam explosion (SE) treatment after a neutral (SEN) or after a basic (SEB) impregnation. Cellulose-rich (> 80%) fine fibers with very low amounts of non-cellulosic sugars (<5%), low REE concentrations (REE ≈ 4-6 mg kg -1 ) and a high mechanical strength (tensile strength ≈ 260-540 cN/fiber, breaking point ≈ 20-50 cN/fiber) have been produced. However, SE degumming resulted in more degraded fibers with cracks slightly affecting their tensile properties.