The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of apoptosis in the first-generation pups' testicular and ovarian tissue changes following mancozeb (MNZ) administration during intrauterine and lactating periods and also the preventive effect of the co-administration of vitamins E and C on these changes. Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) pregnant mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, vehicle, MNZ, vitamin E plus MNZ, vitamin C plus MNZ and vitamins E and C plus MNZ. Administered doses of MNZ and vitamins E and C were 500, 200 and 100 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. These agents were administered to the animals by oral gavage every 2 days. Vitamin treatment was carried out 30 min prior to MNZ administration. Treatment was started on the second day of gestation and continued until weaning. Separated testes and ovaries of animals were prepared for apoptosis detection by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells was reported using the 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole method. As compared to the control and vehicle groups, MNZ induced a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the number of TUNEL-positive cells. The administration of both vitamins E and C alone and together significantly (p < 0.001) prevented the apoptotic impacts of MNZ. The preventive effect of the co-administration of these vitamins on the ovary was greater compared to the single administration of vitamins E (p < 0.001) or C (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the results revealed the stronger preventive effect of vitamin C as compared to E on testicular tissue (p < 0.05). The apoptotic impact of MNZ exposure during intrauterine and lactating periods on first-generation testicular and ovarian tissues was significant. The co-administration of vitamins E and C could prevent MNZ-induced testicular and ovarian changes.

No abstract

Different observational studies and randomized trials attempted to show advantages as well as limitations of surgical approaches for improvement in patients' quality of life (QOL) suffering hyperthyroidism caused by the Graves´ disease (GD). We aimed to systematically examine the impact of surgery (thyroidectomy) on different components of QOL in patients with GD. Two reviewers began to deeply search the various databases of article published including Medline, Web of knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library for all eligible studies in accordance with the considered keywords. In final, seven articles were eligible for the final analysis that published between 2012 and 2019. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software was employed for analysis. Assessing the level of quality of life using SF-36 tool showed significantly increase in both physical component score (weighted mean differences of 0.428, p <0.001) and psychological component score (weighted mean differences of 0.277, p <0.001) postoperatively compared with the baseline values. The assessment of QOL using the Thy PRO questionnaire also showed significantly improvement in total QOL score after surgery compared with before that (weighted mean differences of -1.466, p <0.001). We revealed considerably improving both physical and mental aspects of QOL following surgery in Graves' disease.

No abstract

Background: Diclofenac (DIC) is an NSAID that can cause toxic effects in animals and humans and carvacrol (CAR) is a monoterpene compound that displays effective pharmacological and biological actions. The purpose of this work was to assess the influences of CAR on DIC-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. Methods: The male Wistar rats were segregated into four groups. Group 1, the control group; Group 2 received DIC-only (10 mg/kg BW, p.o); Group 3, received CAR-only (10 mg/kg BW, p.o), and group 4 received DIC plus CAR. The serum levels as well as the activity of several liver-associated markers, and oxidative and anti-oxidant compounds were tested. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators was also studied using the qRT-PCR analysis. Results: Our results showed that DIC treatment was associated with the elevation in the serum levels of liver-related markers together with the increase in the serum and the hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC). Moreover, DIC reduced the activity of the antioxidant system in the rats and increased lymphocyte infiltration into the hepatocytes. CAR; however, protected the hepatocytes from the toxic effects of DIC by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Glutathione (GSH). By diminishing the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CAR was also capable of preventing the inflammatory effects of DIC on liver cells. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that the administration of CAR could alleviate the noxious effects of DIC on the antioxidant defense system and liver tissue.