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Polymer matrix composites are vulnerable to low-velocity impact, although they have found many applications in high-tech industries. The main objective of this study is to improve compression after impact strength of the carbon/epoxy composites using nanoclay particles. All test samples were fabricated using a vacuum infusion process. The solution blending methodology was applied for better dispersion of the nanoparticles in the resin. The low-velocity impact response of the composite and nanocomposite laminates was investigated at various energy levels of 10, 15, and 20 J. To quantify the impact effect, the residual strength of the impacted specimens was experimentally measured under the compression test. In addition, the effect of nanoclay incorporation through the solution blending methodology on damage mechanisms was determined by the radiographic analyses and optical microscope method. The findings of this research showed a rise, up to 25.15% in the residual compressive strength, and a 7-fold increase in local buckling threshold stress of the carbon/epoxy/nanoclay specimens.