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This provides the basic information necessary to create functional soil classification schemes and assess soil fertility in order to unravel some unique soil problems in an ecosystem. Mirzapur district is situated in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh and is located between 25.8° N to 25.15° N latitude and 82.34° E to 82.58° E longitude covering an area of 4952.5 km2. The soils of the study region comprised of alluvial soil representing Entisol and soils which are formed on granitic parent material representing Alfisols. The coupling of soil characterization, soil classification and soil mapping provides a powerful resource for the benefit of mankind especially in the area of food security and environmental sustainability. Among the cationic micronutrients, Zn content varied between 1-3 ppm in the Mirzapur soil profile. Copper content varied between 1-7 ppm in Jamalpur, 1-4 ppm in Narayanpur. The available Cu content is categorized as sufficient if it is > 0.2 ppm. Available iron content varied between 2-40 ppm in Jamalpur soil profile and 8-63 ppm in the Narayanpur soil profile. Available Mn content varied between 2-40 ppm in Jamalpur, 5-18 ppm in Narayanpur. Soils are generally categorized as having enough manganese in the DTPA extractable Mn content is > 0.2 ppm. Hence all soils of Jamalpur and Narayanpur had sufficient available soil manganese.

Optimum seeding rate is one of the most important production factors for higher grain yield as well as for quality crop. Indiscriminate use of seeding rates not only increases production costs but usually decrease wheat grain yield. Crop sown with quality of seeds, row-spacing of 22.5 cm and seed rate of 120 kg ha-1 had better growth and yield. Maximum plant height, number of tillers, length of ear head, grains spiketest weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were found in breeder seed with 22.5 cm rowspacing at 120 kg ha-1 seed rate which was superior over other treatments combinations.