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The global demand for energy is constantly rising, and thus far, remarkable efforts have been put into developing high-performance energy storage devices using nanoscale designs and hybrid approaches. Hybrid nanostructured materials composed of transition metal oxides/hydroxides, metal chalcogenides, metal carbides, metal–organic frameworks, carbonaceous compounds and polymer-based porous materials have been used as electrodes for designing energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and so on. Different kinds of hybrid materials have been shown to be ideal electrode materials for the development of efficient energy storage devices, due to their porous structures, high surface area, high electrical conductivity, charge accommodation capacity, and tunable electronic structures. These hybrid materials can be synthesized following various synthetic strategies, including intercalative hybridization, core–shell architecture, surface anchoring, and defect control, among others. In this study, we discuss applications of the various advanced hybrid nanostructured materials to design efficient batteries and SC-based energy storage systems. Moreover, we focus on their features, limitations, and real-time resolutions.

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In the capital city of Dhaka, males are being prompted to urinate or defecate in public areas due to a lack of access to public toilets. Therefore, the goal of the study was to determine how the structural, social, and hygienic environments affected people's ability to utilize public toilets in Dhaka. This cross-sectional qualitative study was done in Dhaka between November 2016 and January 2017, with data collected from 29 public toilets located around the city's north and south parts. In order to collect data, semi-structured checklists for observing the current structural, social and Hygiene state of public toilets were utilized. There are 237 public toilets in the city that are operational, including Dhaka City Corporation -authorized and non-governmental public toilets. Due to the lack or inaccessibility of the nearest public toilet, residents in the city are accustomed to accessing the nearest restricted bathrooms such as Mosques, Filling stations, hospitals, and so on. Furthermore, the floor materials in all of the toilets were found to be slippery, and degradation of the roof, doors, windows, and interior walls of public toilets was a typical occurrence. In the public toilets we observed, poor supervision was also common. Most of the restrooms analyzed do not have a "Women Section," and several restrooms are famous for the crowding of onlookers, especially near the women's block. Although there are uncomfortable structural, sociological, and hygiene issues as well as unhygienic conditions in public toilets of Dhaka city, the authorities take the situation lightly.