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Ten tomato genotypes were screened for their resistance against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and its vector Myzus persicae under natural infection in field, using aphids M. persicae under net-house and mechanical inoculation under greenhouse. Large differences were observed among genotypes for infection percentage (IP) and severity index (SI) among the testing methods used. All genotypes showing tolerance to CMV in the field or through aphid inoculation, however, become susceptible and highly susceptible after mechanical inoculation. All the test genotypes also showed susceptibility to the aphid M. persicae population. Plants inoculated with CMV showed substantial decrease in yield and yieldcontributing parameters which varied with cultivars that probably depended upon its genetic make up. All the test genotypes exhibited 0.97-30.19% decrease in plant height, 11.47-52.65% decrease in root length, 46.56-95.56% decrease in fresh plant weight, 65.78-92.84% decrease in root fresh weight, 19.97-87.65% decrease in the dry weight of plants, 75.63-95.43% decrease in dry root weight, 69.51-95.65% reduction in the number of fruits and 89.04-99.89% decrease in yield per plants. After 15 days of inoculation, the quantitative analysis using double beam spectrophotometer showed an increase in total phenolics in CMVinoculated plants as compared to un-inoculated plants among genotypes. Similarly the thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel G indicated that the number of phenolic compounds was increased in most of the inoculated genotypes while in others they were either decreased or remained same.

Present study was aimed to clone and express the esterase encoding gene from Bacillus thuringiensis in E. coli BL21.

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ABSTRACT… Introduction: Vulvovaginitis candidiasis is one of the common problems encountered by females and accounts for one third of vaginitis cases. Objective: To study the efficacy of oral treatment with fluconazole in vulvovaginits candidiasis. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: This study was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore and Shalamar Hospital Lahore. Duration with Dates: Six months from October 2009 to March 2010. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and twenty five patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Demographic history regarding name, age and parity, etc. were taken. Patients received fluconazole 150mg after taking smear for microscopy and culture carried out in Lahore General Hospital laboratory and then Shalamar Hospital laboratory. All patients were reevaluated after 2 weeks for clinical and mycological cure by taking the history and repeating smear for microscopy and culture. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.4+ 6.4 years. The mean duration of marriage of the patients was 8.7+6.2 years. There were 11 (8.8%) patients of 0 parity, 63 (50.4%) patients of parity range of 1-2, 41 (32.8%) patients had parity range of 3-4 and 10 (8%) patients had 5-6 parity range. 99 (79.2%) patients had clinical cure. There was good efficacy of 79.2% and 26.8% patients failed to show the response. Conclusion: From this study fluconazole 150mg is proved to be safe and effective for the treatment of volvovaginitis candidiasis but therapy of vaginitis should be individualized, taking into consideration severity of disease, history of vaginitis, and patient preference. Key words:Vulvovginitsis candidiasis, fluconazole, efficacy, oral therapy.