The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of Broccoli against lead acetate (PbA) hepatotoxicity by some physiological and histological indicators. The results showed that intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection by 12 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate once a week for 8 weeks led to an increase in the activity of Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Acid phosphatase (ACP), Total serum protein (TP) and Total serum bilirubin (TSB). Liver's histological sections of lead acetate injected rats showed infiltration of inflammatory cells with sinusoid dilation, necrosis, and apoptosis of Kupffer cells. Broccoli has an ameliorative effect, that the physiological parameters and histological examination have been showed an improvement. In conclusion, lead acetate produces hepatic disorder and the potential use of Broccoli as a source of natural antioxidants or nutraceuticals protects against lead acetate hepatic toxicity.

How to cite this article: Kalita N, Pathak N, Ahmed M and Saikia GK (2013) Various causes related to dead-in-shell embryos of crossbred (PB-2 x Indigenous) chicken egg,Veterinary World 6(10):774-777. Introductioncrossbred chicken, being maintained at "All India Coordinated Research project (AICRP) on Poultry The demand of poultry and poultry products in the Breeding", Department of Poultry Science, College of North East region of India is very high as majority of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, the people of this region are non-vegetarian and they Khanapara . preferred poultry meat and egg. The production of poultry meat and egg has shown an increasing trend Materials and Methods with the introduction of improved breeds/strains ofThe study was conducted during the period of poultry. Today, the broiler sector is growing at the rate October, 2011 to December, 2011. In total 1377 egg of 8-10% per annum as compared to the dairy sector were incubated which was collected from a flock of which grows at the rate of 5-6 per cent per annum [1].crossbreed bird (PB-2 x Indigenous) chicken being But the increase is not proportional to the efforts due to maintained at the "AICRP on Poultry Breeding", various set back like infectious diseases, managemental Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary problems, hatchery problems etc. In a study [2] Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22. A total of recorded 8.96% incidence of dead-in-shell embryos 568 egg have been failed to pip out, of the total 1377 out of 48,831 incubated eggs. Available literature did nos. of egg incubated were utilized for further study as not reveal much systematic works on the dead-in-shell stated below: embryos of chicken in Assam. The dead-in-shell Pathological study: embryos indicate the hygienic and managementalGross examination: The infertile and dead-in-shell status of the hatcheries and this further leads to early embryos were calculated from the eggs which fail to chick mortality. pip out. All the dead-in-shell embryos were examined Therefore, a systematic study has been planned to for different anomalies as well as pathological evaluate the causes of dead-in-shell embryos of conditions through necropsy examination. chicken egg collected from the PB-2 x Indigenous Bacteriological examination: Among the 67 dead-inshell embryos with pathological condition but without any developmental anomalies, suitable materials viz. pieces of liver, lung and yolk sac contents were Veterinary World,

Background: This study aimed to formulate a water-in-oil emulsion (formulation) of Terminalia chebula versus its vehicle (base) as control, and investigate its effects on skin melanin, skin erythema, skin moisture content, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Material and Methods: Base containing no active material, and formulation containing 5% concentrated extract of T. chebula, were developed. Different stability parameters were monitored at 8, 25, and 40 °C, as well as 40 °C + 75% relative humidity, for a period of 4 weeks. It was concluded that the creams remained stable at all storage conditions. Both base and formulation were applied to the cheeks of human volunteers for a period of 8 weeks. Different skin parameters were monitored every week to measure any effect produced by these creams. Results: Changes in TEWL produced by base and formulation were insignificant (p > 0.05) with respect to time while significant (p ≤ 0.05) with respect to base and formulation. The skin moisture content increased after the application of formulation throughout the study period; this effect was insignificant (p > 0.05) with respect to time while significant (p ≤ 0.05) with respect to base and formulation. Both base and formulation showed insignificant (p > 0.05) effects on skin melanin content with respect to time. Skin erythema was reduced by the formulation. Both base and formulation produced statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) effects on skin sebum. Conclusion: Both creams were aesthetic with respect to sensory evaluation. T. chebula topical cream showed a positive rejuvenating effect on human skin. Hopefully, this study will encourage more attention towards the research and utilization of herbal medicines.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of the aqueous extracts of Nerium oleander leaves and Narcissus tazetta bulbs each alone and together with the antileukemic drug 6-Mercaptopurin (6MP) in order to investigate the extracts ability to elevate the chemotherapeutic drug genotoxicity which may influence its treatment of cancer.  The cytotoxicity test shows that the LD50 of the aqueous extract of Narcissus tazetta was 752.083 mg/kg and for Nerium oleander was 922.023 mg/kg. On the basis of the achieved LD50 values, the doses  92, 46 ,23 mg/kg of Nerium oleander and the doses  75, 37,18 mg/kg of Narcissus tazetta extracts were chosen, depending on chromosome aberrations, Micronuclei and Mitotic index as a powerful cytogenetic assays in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino male mice. The result indicated that Nerium oleander extract alone at the dose 92mg/kg induced significant effect on  centromere break and ring chromosome comparing with the negative control (untreated mice) and significantly increased the mean values of chromatid gap  and ring chromosome when  compared with the positive control ( 6MP ). While only the dose 46 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg of N. oleander aqueous extracts significantly decreased mitotic index and when combined with 6MP it can enhance its antimitotic activity but not significantly. Moreover the extracts alone and when combined with 6MP did not significantly change the total number of red blood micro nucleated cells. For Narcissus tazetta extract, the three experimental doses alone lead to significant increase in chromosomal aberrations like: chromatid break with fragment, chromatid break without fragment, chromatid gap, centromeric break, ring chromosome and dicentric chromosome. While only the dose 75mg/kg had induced significant structural chromosomal abnormalities such as chromatid break with fragment, chromatid break without fragment centromeric break and ring chromosome, when combined with 6MP.  The three doses of N. tazetta extract alone, had led to significant reduction in mitotic index compared with untreated control and also its combination with 6-MP significantly decreased the percentage of mitotic index. Moreover, only the doses 75 mg/kg and 37 mg/kg of N. tazetta extracts, when had given alone caused significant increase of the total micronucleated cells. While only the dose 75mg/kg of N. tazetta had induced significant frequency of the total micronucleated cell when combined with 6MP. In the present report, we attempted to establish that N.tazetta and Nerium oleander aquatic extracts enhance the genotoxicity and bioactivity induced by the  antileukemic drug  6MP , thus preventing the development of cellular drug resistance which is a major  problem that can face cancer patients using this drug .The current study serve the purpose of which is to search for local plants that may contribute to the establishment of novel supportive complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) during the chemotherapy of cancer in Iraq , Further studies are merited to explore this possibility.

This study designed to evaluate the effected of L-arginine, vitamin E and their combinations on sperms morphology (sperm quality). Twenty (20) male albino mice was included in this study and dividing into four groups (Control group, Vitamin E treated group, L-arginine treated group, and Vitamin E+ L-arginine treated Group). The animals were kept under suitable conditions of temperature (24±2 ْ C) and light program (12-14 hours/ day).Results revealed that mice treated with vitamin E + L-arginine (0.80 ± ) showed a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in numbers of abnormal sperm without head, treatment mice with vitamin E + L-arginine (1.68 ± 0.10) gave a significant decreased in numbers of abnormal sperms without tail, mice treated with vitamin E (1.00 ± 0.38) and (L-arginine + vitamin E) (0.52 ± 0.14) significantly decreased sperms without hook, furthermore mice treated with vitamin E (11.04+1.63) significantly decreased sperms defective head when compared with control groups. the period of experiments were 30 days. The percentages of abnormal sperm morphology were calculated by counting 200 spermatozoa.