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Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an evolving cooling technology where the acoustic power is used to pump heat. The operating conditions and geometric parameters are important for the thermoacoustic refrigerator performance, as they affect both its performance and the temperature difference across the stack. This paper investigates the effect of the stack geometric parameters and operating conditions on the performance of a standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator and the temperature difference across the stack. DeltaEC software is used to make the thermoacoustic refrigerator model. From the obtained results, normalised values for the operating conditions and geometric parameters are collected to compromise both the performance and the temperature difference across the stack.

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Highlights• The effects of age, gender and noise sensitivity on the liking of food were analyzed at different types and levels of background noise and significant differences were found.• The noise-sensitive group had lower food liking ratings than the insensitive group.• Females had lower liking ratings of food than males.• The younger age group of participants gave higher liking ratings of food than the older age group.• Theories of the perceived liking of food in the presence of background noise due to the factors studied were discussed.• The results highlight how non-acoustic factors affect food perception, providing invaluable information for food providers.