Dandelion shaped cobalt molybdenum oxide nanostructures (ND-CoMoO4) were synthesized through a facile, mild and green hydrothermal method on nickel foam. Binder-free ND-CoMoO4 electrode showed superior long-term stability and charge capacitance.

In the present study, a copper-based metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) was used first time for preconcentration trace amounts of addictive drugs in biological samples. HKUST-1 was synthesized and coated onto the surface of stainless steel wire. The prepared coating was used in headspace solid-phase microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for preconcentration and determination of some addictive drugs in biological fluids. Prepared coating shows good extraction efficiency due to large surface area, and π-π stacking interaction with selected analytes. Under optimum conditions, the method was validated with a reasonable determination coefficient (R 2 > 0.9961) and suitable linear dynamic range (0.5-1000 μg L −1 ). Also, the limits of detections were obtained in the range of 0.1-0.4, 0.2-0.6, and 0.4-0.7 μg L −1 for water, urine, and plasma samples, respectively. The limits of quantification of present method were obtained in the range 0.5-1.3, 0.7-1.5, and 1.0-1.9 μg L −1 in water, urine, and plasma samples, respectively. The intra-day and inter-dye single fiber and fiber to fiber relative standard deviations were observed in the range 3.0-13.9% and 3.5-12.3%, respectively. Finally, the present method was applied for the determination of the drugs in biological samples.

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