There was a significant an increase in omentin1: insulin ratio, omentin1: HOMA ratio and omentin1: HOMA ß-cell% ratio. These results in the present study are shown the first time, these factors may be useful in following improvements in insulin sensitivity in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome or obesity treated with insulin sensitizers. Further studies are needed to certify these factors in other populations with these treatment or with other insulin sensitizers or when treated with diet and exercise.

Diabetes is one of the most important endocrine diseases in the world and obesity is one of the risk factors for this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a resistance exercise and garlic extract on insulin sensitivity/resistance and signal pathway of white adipose tissue to brown factors in diabetic rats. A total of 48 male Wistar rats weighing 180 to 250 g were divided into six groups (n=8): healthy control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic with garlic extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) (D+50), diabetic with garlic extract dose of 200 mg/kg bw (D+200), diabetic resistance training (D+Ex), and diabetic resistance training with garlic extract dose of 200 mg/kg bw (D+Ex+200). Plasma irisin levels in the D+200 and D+Ex groups, as well as the D+Ex+200 group showed a significant increase compared to the D group (P<0.001), while in the D+50 group no significant change was observed. Compared with group D, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α gene was significantly increased in groups D+200 and D+Ex, as well as group D+Ex+200 (P<0.001). It can be said that resistance exercise with garlic extract is effective in controlling diabetes and reducing its complications. It also increases the expression of PGC-1α and uncoupling protein 1 genes in white adipose tissue and therefore has a positive effect on beta cell function by irisin.