Community radio is a medium of expressing and sharing views, thoughts, ideas, problems and prospects of rural, disadvantaged, vulnerable and hard to reach population with the mainstream population. As the media of root level people of the disadvantaged areas, Community radio has become popular in recent years and it has opened a new arena for both the policy makers as well as grassroots people to be involved in the development process of their community. There are about 17 Community Radios broadcasting 135 hours programmes in a day across the country. The Community Radio can help us in addressing social, economic, cultural, educational, health, water and sanitation and disaster related issues more effectively and strategically. In order to highlight the importance and effectiveness of community radio for the community development of Bangladesh, this study has been conducted based on the secondary data. This is a group effort that has become successful by the co-operation of many individuals and institutions. Access to Information (a2i) Programme would like to express sincere gratitude to Monisha Mohonto, Project Focal and Bakul Mohonto, Program Assistant, BTV for introducing such an innovative project. As this is a new concept, there is no significant study has been conducted. Therefore the study has been directed to explore the importance of community FM radio in Bangladesh particularly in remote and rural areas.

This work examined the effects of incorporation of exogenous enzyme preparation on growth and performance traits in broilers fed diet containing 400 g/Kg of L. angustifolius(cv. Arabella) of Europe and L. angustifolius (cv. Kalya) obtained from Australia. A maize-soy (MS) based diet served as a control diet and acted as positive, while non-protein control diet acted as a negative control (NPC) and fed ad libitum for 18 days. Growth rate, apparent digestibility of N, fat and excretion of essential minerals were assessed. In comparison to broilers fed maize-soy (MS) diet, broilers fed the L. angustifolius of European origin (EL) diet, consumed less feed, had considerably lower body weight gain, as well as lower apparent digestibility. Addition of Rena phytase to the EL (ELPH) and L. angustifolius of Australian origin (ALPH) increased feed intake, however, the feed gain ratio was found to be decreased. . This study indicates that a diet containing high level of lupin meal is detrimental to feed intake broilers and thus affected their performance. However, when lupin meal diet was supplemented with Rena phytase, performance parameters were not different from those obtained from raw meal. The inclusion of lupin meal with or without exogenous enzyme had significant effect on the mineral content of the faeces and on mineral balance. The results suggest that lupin protrein is involved in the elevated loss of minerals associated with long-term effects of this seed as protein source in poultry. Compared to those of control, the N excretion was in the range of 14.9% (EL), 15.6% (ELPH) and 13.9% (ALPH). On the other hand, digestibility was found to be in the range of 78% (EL) and 73% (ELPH) than the corresponding control fed on (MS) diet. The fat excretion was found to be highest in (ALPH) fed diet 19.1% as compared to those of control. True fat digestibility was found to be at the lowest level n ALPH group. The present work has revealed a very remarkable property of L. angustifolius of Australian lupin, that has caused high level of fat excretion in the droppings of broilers fed this as compared to those of its European counterpart. It is highly likely that Australian lupin due to its gel forming character may have caused this kind of response in fecal lipid excretion.

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

In this work, we study the deflection of photon light and/or time-like geodesics in the background of the topological defects in four-dimensional space-time geometry. These topological defects geometries are cosmic string space-time with screw dislocation, spiral dislocation, and spacelike dislocation. We derive the deflection of light-like and time-like geodesics and show the effects of cosmic string parameter, screw dislocation parameter, and spacelike dislocation parameter on them. Our derivation technique is based on the fact that the photon rays (light-like) and/or time-like geodesics is along the path parallel to the z-axis with constant radius of the cylinder.

In this research, we investigate the bending of photon light and/or time-like geodesics within the context of four-dimensional space-time geometry, specifically in the presence of topological defects. These topological defects manifest as cosmic string space-time configurations, encompassing screw dislocation, spiral dislocation, and spacelike dislocation. Our primary objective is to determine the extent of deflection experienced by light-like and time-like geodesics and analyze how this deflection is affected by the cosmic string parameter, screw dislocation parameter, and spacelike dislocation parameter. To accomplish this, we employ a derivation technique that centers on the observation that photon rays (light-like geodesics) and/or time-like geodesics follow paths parallel to the z-axis while maintaining a constant radius along the cylinder.