Background: Scratch injury induces Koebner phenomenon in psoriasis. Smoking is also a risk factor for psoriasis. Keratinocytes can produce various psoriasis-related molecules including TNF,

No abstract

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer arising in the anogenital area. Most EMPD tumors remain dormant as in situ lesions, but the outcomes of patients with metastatic EMPD are poor because of the lack of effective systemic therapies. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic target for some cancers. Urothelial cancer is one such cancer, and clinical trials of enfortumab vedotin, a drug-conjugated anti-NECTIN4 antibody, are ongoing. However, little is known regarding the role of NECTIN4 in EMPD. In this study, we conducted immunohistochemical analysis of NECTIN4 expression in 110 clinical EMPD samples and normal skin tissue. In normal skin, positive signals were observed in epidermal keratinocytes (particularly in the lower part of the epidermis), eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, inner and outer root sheaths, and matrix of the hair follicles. The most EMPD lesions exhibited strong NECTIN4 expression, and high NECTIN4 expression was significantly associated with increased tumor thickness, advanced TNM stage, and worse disease-specific survival. These results support the potential use of NECTIN4-targeted therapy for EMPD. Our report contributes to the better understanding of the pathobiology of NECTIN4 in the skin and the skin-related adverse effects of NECTIN4-targeted therapy.

No abstract

Tooth extraction has been avoided since it has been considered a major risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). However, MRONJ may also develop from tooth that is an infection source. This study aimed to clarify whether tooth extraction is a risk factor for the development of MRONJ in cancer patients receiving bone-modifying agents (BMAs). This retrospective observational study included 189 patients (361 jaws) from two hospitals. The risk factors of MRONJ were identified by comparing patient characteristics between those who did and did not develop MRONJ. Furthermore, the effect of tooth extraction during BMA therapy was analyzed after adjusting for confounding factors using the propensity score matching method. MRONJ occurred in 33 patients jaws. A longer duration of BMA administration, fewer number of teeth, presence of symptoms of local infection, and infected teeth were independent risk factors of MRONJ. However, tooth extraction during BMA therapy did not increase the risk. Propensity score matching analysis showed that tooth extraction significantly lowered the risk of MRONJ development. Teeth that can be an infection source increases the risk of MRONJ, and thus, they need to be extracted even during BMA administration.