Objective: To determine the standard of clinical information in referral for ultrasound abdomen in outdoor patients examined at Radiology Department. Study Design: A Cross-Sectional Observational study. Place and Duration of Study. Sandman Provincial Hospital Quetta and Civil Hospital Quetta from October 2021 to July 2022. Materials and Methods: In current study total 3234 patients were selected and referred for abdomen ultrasound. There were 962 (28.7%) patients with clinical information provided for ultrasound while 2265 (70.0%) patients were without any clinical information. All Referral for ultrasound abdomen in Outpatient Ultrasound Department at Sandman Provincial Hospital and Civil Hospital Quetta were reviewed for written clinical information. In present study raw data were collected and analysed in patients with clinical information and without clinical information with SPSS 21. Results: Total Patients referred for ultrasound abdomen were 3234. There were 962 (28.7%) patients with clinical information provided for ultrasound, and 2265 (70.0%) patients without any clinical information. Data showed that most of patients were sent without any clinical information for ultrasound abdomen. Practical implication: Current study was clinical information in referral for ultrasound abdomen which is so important and informative forecast about the expected medical complications. Population can be facilitated through ultrasound because the majority of ultrasound scans are non-invasive and radiation-free ultrasound imaging is quite safe. Soft tissues are clearly visible with ultrasound scanning even if they are difficult to see on x-ray images. Imaging is provided in real-time by ultrasound. There are no known negative effects on humans from standard diagnostic ultrasonography. Conclusion. Standard referrals accompanied with clinical information are very important for ultrasound and all other radiological investigations. If the referral is not properly written with specified clinical information, it can cause miscommunication between radiologist and referring physician, resulting in the overburdening of the radiology department. It then leads to compromised patient care and safety. Keywords: Referral, Standard, Clinical Information, Ultrasound. Radiology, Ultrasonography, investigations, predominately, Abdomen.

Aim: To highlight the relevance, importance and necessity of structured career counselling for medical graduates and post graduate trainees with regards to specialisation decision preferences. Study design Mixed method Place and duration of study: Study conducted at sandmen provincial hospital from 1st September to 30th December 2021. Methodology: This was two phase sequential mixed method study. The first phase involved qualitative exploration through a semi-structured interview with post graduate trainees from various specialties who walked into the radiology department of Sandman Provincial Hospital Quetta with identification of theme and subtheme to develop a questionnaire. Questionnaire was designed to collect various opinions on the theme and sub-theme. Questionnaire included 11 items with two open ended questions and all other closed ended questions. Questionnaire was distributed to target population and demand survey was conducted by collecting questionnaire after a week. It was anonymous to ensure confidentiality and autonomy to participants. Results: The response rate was 71% while omitting the incomplete questionnaire. It was divided into two groups, 1) changed of speciality CS 8(16%), M-3(37%), F-5 (62%) and 2) without changed of speciality 43(84%), M-21(49%), F-22(51%).Results were also compiled by combining both the groups as total participants to check the variation in opinion. The availability of structured career counselling for specialty selection will lessen the burden of decision making, total participants agreed were 44(86%), not in favour were 6(12%) and one answered with don’t know (2%), { NCS (36(84%); CS (8(100%)}. Conclusion: Based on results Medical Students are in demand of structured career counselling program to ease the decision of speciality preference and in favour of incorporating it in medical education to avoid stress and other difficulties faced by them. Keywords: Structured career counselling, change of speciality (CS), Post graduate trainee,

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of computed tomography in pediatric patients referred to radiology department for computed tomography scan brain Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Sandmen Provincial Hospital Quetta form 1st January 2018 to 30th March 2018. Methodology: Sixty pediatric patients included in the study who referred from Pediatric OPD for computed tomography scan of brain. Patients with trauma were excluded while all other patient’s age between 1 month to 4 years were included. Findings were divided with normal and abnormal findings. Results: Twenty five (41.7%) were boys and 35 (58.3%) were girls. Only 25% were negative and 75% were positive and showed significant pathology. Major complaint was fits accompanied with fever and unconsciousness was also one of the reasons. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan is quick and now-a-days with easy access it is an effective diagnostic method in sick children with cases of neurological disease in spite of its radiation exposure child. Key word: Computed tomography (CT), Effectiveness, Children

Aim: To evaluate sonomammography as the first radiological diagnostic modality in patients with mastalgia. Study design: Observational cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta and Akram Hospital Quetta from 1st February 2019 to 31st July 2019. Methodology: Ultrasounds of 60 patients were performed who presented with complain of mastalgis. Patients with history of lump, nipple discharge, carcinoma breast, implant and HRT were excluded. Result: The aged from 16 to 47 of the patients. Forty eight patients had normal/negative sonomamography. Twelve patients had positive report where lesion were, benign 9, intermediate 1 and malignant 2. There were 45 patients were married and 15 patients were unmarried. Patients with unilateral breast pain complain were 28 while bilateral were 32. Patients with cyclical breast pain were 7. Conclusion: The sonomammography is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with breast pain to reassure and satisfy the patient. Normal ultrasound breast with proper reassurance and counseling, appropriate self examination technique can lead the way. Sonomamography is easily available at outdoor patient department. It is noninvasive and radiation free technique which is comfortably acceptable by the patient and satisfy their attendants. Keywords: Sonoammography. Benign, Malignant, Mastalgia