The heterogeneous nature of Graphics processor unit (GPU) -CPU makes it a candidate for coming exascale systems.The cores of GPGPU-which is a cost-effective computing platform-are characterized by long periods of inactive times, which results in the underutilization of the hardware resources. This is due to several factors like the limitation of on-chip memory and register files, the inefficient scheduling mechanisms, and communication bottlenecks GPU -CPU communication. In order to counteract the underutilization of recourses, certain techniques have been proposed. In this research, many architectural and system-level techniques aiming to manage and fully leverage GPU resources are surveyed, compared and evaluated. Also, the significance and challenges of warp scheduler in GPUs are thoroughly discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to provide researchers an insight into warp scheduler techniques for GPUs, as well as motivate them to present more efficient methods for enhance performance via improve thread scheduler in future GPUs.

Background and Aim: Nano-selenium (NS) supplementation contributes in improving productivity, performance, and meat quality while reducing public health concern. Influence of NS and inorganic selenium (Se) water additive on performance, carcass quality, immunoglobulin concentration, intestinal microbiota, Se tissue concentrations, and tissue architecture was studied. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred and sixty 1-day-old Hubbard chicks were randomly grouped into five groups (5×52) and supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mL of NS and inorganic Se (100 mg.L-1). G1, G2, G3, and G4 were challenged with Escherichia coli O157: H7 2.6×108 on the 14th day. A total of 2250 samples, including 250 sera, 250 intestinal swabs, and 1500 organ and tissue samples as liver, spleen, heart, bursa, intestine, and breast muscles, and 250 eviscerated carcasses were collected. Results: The results revealed a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in live body weights, weight gains, performance indices, carcasses, and organs weights, whereas immunoglobulin G and M concentrations in broilers treated with 0.5 and 1.0 mL NS, respectively, synchronized reveal a highly significant decline (p<0.01) in total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts of intestinal swabs and breast muscles, final pH24, and drip loss in broilers treated with 0.5 and 1.0 mL NS, respectively. Meanwhile, water holding capacity revealed no significant differences between all groups. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography examination revealed the earlier disappearance of NS residues than inorganic Se from the broiler's liver and muscles. Histopathological photomicrographs of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine, as well as, the immunohistochemistry of intestinal sections revealed superior tissue architecture in broilers treated with NS contrary to inorganic Se. Conclusion: The study showed significant stimulation actions of NS on performance, immunity, carcass and meat quality, intestinal and muscles' bacterial load as well as short withdrawal period and nearly normal cellular architecture compared to inorganic Se.

Background The applications of Cu and CuNPs based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive Cu metal have generated a great deal of interest in recent years, including medical applications. A novel, specific, precise, accurate and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection has been developed and validated to quantify copper (Cu) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in different biological matrices and pharmaceutical products. Methods The developed method has been validated for linearity, precision, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Cu concentration was detected in pharmaceutical products without an extraction process. Moreover, liver, serum and muscle tissues were used as biological matrices. High Cu recovery in biological samples was afforded by using citric acid as a green chelating agent, exact extraction time and pH adjustment. Cu pharmaceutical and biological samples were eluted by acetonitrile: ammonium acetate (50 mM) with 0.5 mg/ml EDTA (30:70 v:v) as an isocratic mobile phase. EDTA reacted with Cu ions forming a Cu-EDTA coloured complex, separated through the C18 column and detected by UV at 310 nm. Results The developed method was specific with a short retention time of 4.95 min. It achieved high recovery from 100.3% to 109.9% in pharmaceutical samples and 96.8–105.7% in biological samples. The precision RSD percentage was less than two. The method was sensitive by achieving low detection limits (DL) and quantification limits (QL). Conclusion The validated method was efficient and economical for detecting Cu and CuNPs by readily available chemicals as EDTA and Citric acid with C18 column, which present the best results on RP-HPLC.

The aim of the present study was to detect the tilmicosin residues in muscles, kidneys and liver of broiler chickens and to investigate its impact on both cardiac enzymes and some hematological parameters. Seventy broiler chickens were divided into two groups; the first was left as a negative control. The second group was given tilmicosin orally (30 mg/kg BW) once/day for three successive days. Reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detector at 287 nm and solid phase extraction were used for detecting drug residues in tissue samples. Results indicated a widespread distribution of tilmicosin in most tested tissues. All tissue samples were considered tilmicosin free at the 9 th day after the last oral dose except liver. Tilmicosin elicited a significant reduction in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, lymphocytes and eosinophiles. On the other hand, heterophiles count and the mean corpuscular volume were increased significantly. White blood cells, monocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed non-significant changes. Levels of all cardiac enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB and Troponin I) were high.

No abstract