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AIM: This study aims to evaluate and compare the antibacterial potential of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and grape seed extract (GSE) against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staph aureus, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus spp., and Streptococcus sobrinus. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that GSE could have potent antimicrobial effect against oral pathogens when compared to MTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MTA and GSE were utilized to determine the antibacterial effectiveness against S. mutans, E. faecalis, S. aureus, C. albicans, Lactobacillus spp. and S. sobrinus using the agar well diffusion test. The tested materials were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions and put into the prepared wells of agar plates; diluted inocula (105 and 106 CFU/ml) of the tested microorganism strains were also used. For bacteria, all plates were incubated at 37°C in anaerobic conditions, and for C. albicans, at 30°C. The inhibitory zones were determined after 3 days. A digital caliper was used to measure the diameter of bacterial inhibition zones surrounding each well to the nearest size in mm. RESULTS: GSE-created inhibition zones against all tested microorganisms except C. albicans, zones were significantly larger than MTA-created zones (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both MTA and GSE showed antimicrobial effect against all tested microorganisms except C. albicans, which will pave the route to use GSE as a natural herbal substitute of MTA.

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Background: Pyrazolines are heterorcycles that attracted considerable attention in the design of biologically active molecules , possess abroad spectrum of biological effectiveness including anticancer activities act as alkaylating agents in the chemotherapy of cancer., Changes instructureof pyrazoline derivatives offered a high degree of diversity as they are useful for the development of new therapeutic agents improved in potency and lesser toxicity, Aim: The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the chemotherapeutic effects of some novel substituted pyrazoline compounds against animal carcinogesis. Materials & Methods: The synthesized pyrazoline derivatives were characterized by IR spectroscopy, and then their effects on Ehrlich Carcinoma were studied by evaluation their antitumor activity (viability of tumor cells, and life span prolongation), and estimation of (Malondialdehyde ,Nitric oxide, Total antioxidant capacity levels and activities of Superoxide Dismutase , and Arginase) Results: Pyrazoline derivatives showed a significant reduction in the volume and count of Ehrlich cells. Also,they suggested potential antioxidant activity by elevation superoxide dismutase, Total Antioxidant capacity, and reduction of Malondialdehyde, Nitric oxide, and Arginase. Conclusion: The activities of synthesized pyrazoline compounds have potent antitumor, antioxidant, and decrease the survival of cancer cells.

Background: Single nickel-titanium (NiTi) files have been introduced in the endodontic market and used as only one instrument in various cases to prepare the entire root canal.Aim: changes in pulp volume in root canals of mandibular molar teeth were determined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after root canal preparation using three different single NiTi files (Reciproc Blue, XP-endo Shaper, and One-Shape). Materials & Methods:This trial included forty-five patients have first mandibular molars with a mesiobuccal canal curvature range of (25-35°), and distal oval canals. They were then allocated into three equal groups corresponding to the type of files used in the root canal instrumentation (Reciproc Blue, XP-endo Shaper, and One-Shape). Pre-and post-instrumentation scans were performed to match the pulp volumes from CBCT images. One-way ANOVA was used to identify possible differences in canals among groups corresponding to the instrumentation.Results: There was a significant difference in the volume change in the distal canals between the groups (D). There was no significant difference in the volume change between the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals. For the distal canal, there was a significant difference between XP-endo Shaper and Reciroc Blue (p=.008) and between XP-endo Shaper and One-Shape (p=.001). However, no significant difference in volume change was noted between the Reciroc Blue and One-Shape. Conclusion:The Reciproc Blue, XP-endo-Shaper and One-Shape files were equally effective in shaping the radicular part of mesial canals, XP-endo Shaper was more effective in shaping oval distal canals than Reciproc Blue, and One-Shape.