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ChlamydosporeTaxonomy Trophocyst Zygomycota a b s t r a c t A new species, Mortierella thereuopodae, is described for a fungus sporulating on fecal pellets of the centipede Thereuopoda clunifera (Chilopoda). The species produces large cymosely to verticillately branched sporangiophores on well-developed rhizoids with the formation of chlamydospore clusters.In the course of the survey for the mortierellaceous fungi in Japan, unusual species with relatively large cymosely to verticillately branched sporangiophores were noticed around the fecal pellets of a centipede on agar media. The sporangiophores are hyaline, almost lacking a columella, with narrow, dichotomously branched hyphae, suggesting a member of the genus Mortierella that could not to be assigned to a known species. Based on the precise observations on the asexual morphology in pure cultures of the three available isolates, and the special habitat (origin of isolation), the fungus was judged to be an undescribed taxon of section Spinosa of the genus Mortierella. The new species was described with illustrations and the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; ITS) were determined.Animals of the family Scutigeridae (order Scutigeromorpha, class Chilopoda) were collected in Honshu and Ryukyu islands, Japan, then moved to the laboratory and kept in a plastic container to obtain fecal pellets. With the monograph of soil arthropods (Shinohara 1999), the animals were identified as Thereuopoda clunifera. Fecal pellets were placed on agar plates of nutrient-poor media with the addition of penicillin-G sodium salt and streptomycin sulfate; 1.5% water agar (WA) or 0.3% shrimp agar (Sh3A; Degawa and Tokumasu 1997), and incubated at room temperature (ca. 23 C). From the developing sporangiophores, sporangiospores were picked up /locate /m yc m y c o s c i e n c e 5 5 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 3 0 8 e3 1 3 1340-3540/$ e see front matter ª

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Scope Hyperoxaluria is a major cause of kidney stone disease. Around half of the oxalate in mammals is supplied from the diet and the other half is endogenously synthesized from glyoxylate. Reduction of hepatic glycolate oxidase (GO) activity is one approach to reduce endogenous production of oxalate. However, there are currently few effective dietary approaches to reduce hepatic GO activity. Methods and Results In the present study, it is investigated whether restriction of dietary vitamin B2 (VB2) can reduce hepatic GO activity and oxalate excretion in mice with hyperoxaluria induce by hydroxyproline (Hyp) or obesity. It is found that VB2 restriction significantly reduces hepatic GO activity in both the Hyp‐ and obesity‐induced model of hyperoxaluria in mice. However, VB2 restriction reduces urinary oxalate excretion only in the Hyp‐treated mice and not the obese mice. This difference could be due to the contribution of endogenous oxalate production that manifests as increased hepatic GO activity in Hyp‐treated mice but not obese mice. Conclusion Together these results suggest that VB2 restriction could be a new dietary approach to improve hyperoxaluria when endogenous production of oxalate is increased.

Myconymphaea yatsukahoi is a fungus that has only been isolated once from a forest in the Sugadaira Research Station, Nagano, Japan. Over 20 y have passed since its first discovery but since then it has not been rediscovered. Here, we re-isolated M. yatsukahoi from the type locality and another location, Tambara Moor, Gunma, Japan. Sporophores of this species were detected by direct field observation in Sugadaira and by induction from soil from Tambara. We attempted to narrow down isolation sources of this species by investigating the excrements of Lithobiomorpha and Scolopendromorpha centipedes, which are frequently found in the two locations where the species is distributed. In both locations, we found M. yatsukahoi in the excrements of Lithobiomorpha but not Scolopendromorpha. Myconymphaea yatsukahoi appears to be a coprophilous fungus and the excrements of the predators living in soil may be promising isolation sources for understanding the hidden diversity of kickxellalean fungi.