The change in cell size and alterations in the distribution of cells at different phases of the cell cycle are indicators of change in cell homeostasis. In this study, the HEp-2 cell line cells were treated for 24 hours by two shapes of Gold nanoparticles (GNPs): Gold nanospheres (GNSs) and Gold nanorods (GNRs). The cytotoxic effect of GNPs was evaluated by different methods. The MTT assay revealed that GNPs have a cytotoxic effect on HEp-2 cells and the GNRs are more toxic than GNSs. Image morphometric analysis showed a decrease in the mean values of Nuclear Area Factor (NAF) of HEp-2 cells treated with GNPs when compared to control cells. We found that cell size decreased in cells treated with GNPs and most of the cells were in S-phase and decreased at G 2-phase of the cell cycle when compared to control cells. Also, it was noted that in cells treated with GNSs the apoptotic features increased with increasing concentration from pre IC 50 to post IC 50 , contrary to cells treated with GNRs the apoptotic features decreased with increasing concentration from IC 50 to post IC 50. Cell size and cell cycle distribution changed after treatment by GNPs. The GNRs may be more toxic than GNSs.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the majority of all cancers of the head and neck. In recent times, the development of antitumor drugs has been transformed from cytotoxic drugs to ameliorate the selectivity of the drug, overcoming multidrugresistant using natural alternatives. Amygdalin is one of the most common non-conventional anticancer drugs. Cisplatin has been used for the treatment of numerous human cancers. Recently combination therapy is the treatment of choice for cancer patients for the reason that it may enhance the efficiency of the combined agents and decreases their toxicities by decreasing the dose required for therapeutic benefits.AIM: This study was organized to investigate the cytotoxic effect of both amygdalin and cisplatin on OSCC, compare between two effects on OSCC, and investigate the synergistic effect on cytotoxicity of both drugs on OSCC. METHODS:The cytotoxic effect was determined using methyl tetrazolium assay, microscopic examination, and statistical analysis (ANOVA). RESULTS:Our findings showed that the cytotoxic effect of both drugs on HNO97 cells was dose-dependent. Microscopic examination showed that apoptotic criteria became more apparent in cisplatin/amygdalin mix-treated HNO97 group. Our statistical analysis results revealed significant differences in statistical analysis among mean values of NAF of 50 cells in each group, with lower mean values of NAF of mix 48 group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:Both Amygdalin and cisplatin have anti-cancer effect on HN097 separately and their combination induced harmonious inhibitory effect on HNO97 cells.

Background: Arsenic was used in medicine, cosmetics industry, and agriculture. Nowadays, using arsenic in endodontics has greatly declined due to the severe damage to vital pulp tissue, and periodontium. Folic acid is one of the forms of vitamin B9 and it possesses a significant antioxidant effect. Zinc performs proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and protective antioxidant activities.Objective: Evaluation of effect of folic acid and zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) on arsenic treated pulp tissue of rats.Methodology: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups; each group consisted of 5 rats: Group (1); served as a control without any treatments. Experimental groups (2,3 and 4); arsenic treated group, folic acid treating in arsenic treated group and ZnCl 2 treating in arsenic treated group sequentially. After 24 hours from the last dose, specimens were taken and processed for H&E, and immunohistochemical stains: Nrf2 and TNF-α, morphometric analysis and statistical analysis.Results: Groups 1,3 and 4 showed mostly Nrf2 negative immunoreactivity in odontoblastic cell layer and faint Nrf2 immunoreactivity in pulp tissue. But group 2 had strong Nrf2 positive immunoreactivity in cytoplasm and nucleus of disorganized odontoblastic cell layer and in pulp tissue. Groups 1 and 3 showed very weak TNF-α immunoreactivity in pulp tissue. But group 2 had very strong positive TNF-α immunoreactivity in pulp tissue. While group 4 showed TNF-α negative immunoreactivity in pulp tissue. Conclusion:As 2 O 3 has a toxic effect on pulp tissue through increasing the reactive oxygen species. ZnCl 2 has a powerful detoxification effect more than folic acid in arsenic treated pulp tissue.

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disorder affecting oral mucosa. The present study was designed to assess the clinical effectiveness of utilizing topical hyaluronic acid (HA) against chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes as a control in RAS treatment.Materials and methods: Thirty-four patients with minor RAS were included in the trial. They were equally allocated into two groups with random distribution to rinse with CHX mouthwash as a control (Group I, CHX Group) and HA mouthwash in (Group II, HA group) as a study group. Evaluation of pain intensity and ulcer size were done in all study patients at baseline, 3 days and 7 days observational times. Duration of healing period was assessed in both study groups. Results:The results demonstrated a significant lowering in pain score and ulcer size in each group. Lower mean values of these outcomes were recorded in HA group compared to CHX group at 3 days and 7 days with significant difference regarding pain score. Concerning the duration of healing a significant decrease was recorded in HA group compared to CHX group. Conclusion:In conclusion, topical HA is a safe and effective treatment option for RAS with better pain control and healing duration.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy that affects children and adolescents. It is considered as a serious threat to the human health globally. For many years plants and natural constitutes components such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), green tea have been used as anti-cancer drugs. Aim: The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C, green tea and their combination on Mg-63 cell line. Material Methods: Treatment of cell line (Mg-63) by different concentrations of vitamin, green tea and their combination was done to evaluate the viability of the treated cells by SRB assay. Microscopic examination and were applied. Results: Regarding cytotoxicity effect of vitamin C, green tea and their combination on Mg-63cell line, it was noticed that cell distribution showed a variable arrest at different phase of cell division. Where there was nonsignificant difference of arrested cells of these drugs compared with its value in non-treated G0-G1 phase control cells while there was a significant elevated arrest of treated cells during the G2-M phase and the significant difference of cell arrest at G2-M phase was type of treatment related. Conclusion:From the results of the present study, we noticed that vitamin green tea and their combination have cytotoxic effect on Mg-63 cell line, it also induced an effect on the cell cycle distribution, resulting in apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy.