BACKGROUND. State predictions for terrestrial systems are usually performed by means of numerical process models, which consider all compartments. However, it is unclear to what extent system heterogeneity must be considered for a particular set of conditions and for different types of model predictions.Numerical process models of the terrestrial system usually consider three vertically stacked mediarepresenting the subsurface, including ground and surface water; vegetation; and atmosphere-that are typically coded in three separate compartment models. These compartment models interact at their
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