Two studies were conducted to examine the factorial and construct validity of the Japanese Burnout Scale which was designed to measure hypothesized aspects of the burnout syndrome among public service workers in a variety of samples. The sample in study 1 consisted of 389 public service workers, 350 non-public service workers, and 3,410 non-service workers. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a hypothesized three-factor structure for both public and non-public service workers, which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The sample in study 2 consisted of the following car dealer employees: 349 sales staff, 152 engineering staff, and 288 clerical staff. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a hypothesized three-factor structure only in the sales staff group, which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the construct validity of the scale was supported by the job demand-control model (Karasek, 1979). The Japanese Burnout Scale may serve as a useful measure of burnout syndrome among service workers in future research.

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In this paper we report on the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides mediated by pybox/ytterbium triflates, -/magnesium bromide, and -/magnesium perchlorate. It was confirmed that the reactions proceed smoothly to give isoxazoline derivatives in high enantiomeric excesses with Mg 2+ or Yb 3+ complexes and acrylamide dipolarophiles bearing an oxazolidinone or imidazolidinone coordination auxiliary as well as a pybox ligand. In reactions with a dipolarophile bearing 4,4-dimethyloxazolidinone as the coordination auxiliary, an enantiomeric excess (59 % ee) of the corresponding cycloaddition product was achieved by using a slow addition technique to generate nitrile oxides in

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In this study, an investigation focussing on the relationship between stresses of person-helping professionals and their so-called burnout syndromes was conducted. Nine-hundred seventy nurses working at 10 different hospitals in Kyoto prefecture participated to this investigation.The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Maslach & Jackson, 1981), translated and revised for personhelping professionals in Japan, was used to measure the degree of burnout. As a result of factor analysis, three dimensions-emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduced personal acoomplishment-were extracted. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between stresses and burnout. Several stresses related significantly to the three dimensions of burnout. Further, the relationship between personal characteristics and burnout, and the effect of social support on burnout were confirmed.These findings suggest that stresses induce burnout and that both personal characteristics and social supports play a significant role in the processes.