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The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the pilot workload assessment methods taking into account their applicability, reliability and use in shaping flight safety. This article discusses some subjective and objective methods, and also discusses the role of observation and audit of the crew during the flight. The analysis performed was based on the concept of monitoring the safety and quality of performing the operations. Based on Heinrich's Law, which differentiates between three basic safety approaches: reactive, proactive and predictive, the possibilities of applying particular methods in the above-mentioned safety approaches have been presented.

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Affective responses to exercise are noted to be dynamic and frequently vacillate between positive and negative valence during physical activity. Recalled affect following exercise can influence anticipated affective responses to exercise and guide future behaviors. Research examining affective memory processes indicates that the recall of an experience can substantially differ from the actual experience and change over time. Grounded in the dual mode model (Ekkekakis, 2003 ), this study examines individuals' recall of exercise-related affect over a period of 2 weeks. Forty-two adults (26 women, 16 men; M age = 29.64, SD = 5.69) completed two 20-min treadmill exercise trials in a randomized control crossover design; the trials were set either at a low or high exercise intensity based upon individuals' ventilatory threshold. Data analyses indicate that the affective responses to the low-intensity condition were evaluated more positively than in the high-intensity condition. Recalled affect fluctuated over a 2-week time period following both the low- and high-intensity exercise trials. A significant reduction at the 24-h recall measurement point was observed in both exercise intensity conditions. Implications for future research and health promotion interventions aiming to optimize affective responses to exercise are presented.

The process of production formed ecologically should be directed on an economical use of resources and optimal steering of the process in view to the elimination of causes of disturbances. Strategic decisions concerning composite technical and social systems take under consideration the knowledge on relations of production processes with the environment and their results caused in the ecosystem. The source of desired information is historical data related to occurrences, accidents and failures. This base of knowledge becomes the funding for created system reparation activities, like mechanisms that compensate shortages. Connecting and coordinating all assets of the enterprise in view to achieve ecological production processes is the basis of the management process, which simultaneously forms mechanisms of mutual stimulation and development. Described standards, models of reliability structures, characteristics of dynamic phenomena, determined limits of tolerance for acceptable values of variables of the process and modeling critical resources support the process.