Morpho-physiological and yield components of rice are important character that affect the crop yield potential. Seeds as a sink of crops, its yield are very much determined by the panicle yield components, one of which is various type of tillers. The purpose of the research was to study the variability of panicle types andtheir relationshipwith grain yield of rice. Thirty rice varieties/lines were planted and observed in experimental pots. The study revealed that there are differencesin total number of panicle among varieties or lines. Average number of panicle ranges from 20-50 panicle. Among varieties, there were also differences in total number of panicles grown from primary, secondary, tertiary and quarterly tillers. The number of empty seeds of the panicles increases in the order of the sequences of tiller emergence, i.e., main panicle (11%), primary (12%), secondary (12%), tertiary (16%) and quartery (22%). High yielding rice could be obtained through the development of varieties or cultivation techniques that enable the crops produce more panicle in primary and secondary tillers compare to that in tertiary and quarterly tillers.Keywords: rice, panicle, variability. ABSTRAKKarakter morfofisiologi dan komponen hasil merupakan karakteristik tanaman yang mempengaruhi produktivitas. Hasil biji sebagai salah satu bagian dari sink tanaman ditentukan oleh komponen hasil, di antaranya malai yang berasal dari berbagai tipe/ jenis anakan padi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman malai anakan dan hubungannya dengan hasil padi. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menanam 30 varietas/galur pada pot percobaan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah total malai di antara varietas/galur yang diuji. Jumlah malai berkisar antara 20-50 buah. Di antara varietas yang diuji juga terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada jumlah malai yang berasal dari anakan primer, sekunder, tersier, dan kuarter. Kehampaan gabah dari setiap jenis malai cenderung meningkat menurut urutan pemunculan malai anakan padi, dimulai dari malai tanaman induk (11%), primer (12%), sekunder (12%), tersier (16%), dan kuarter (22%). Tanaman padi yang dapat memberi hasil tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui perakitan varietas atau teknik budi daya yang dapat menghasilkan terutama malai anakan primer dan sekunder yang relatif banyak dan sedikit atau tanpa anakan tersier dan kuarter.Kata kunci: padi, malai, keragaman.
Taro have been cultivated and consumed as a food supplement in Indonesia. Beside it used as a food, it is also as source of industrial purposes, such as a part of raw material of cosmetic or plastic. Characteristic of tuber (corm) of taro determine their usage. Utilization of germplasm collection of taro could be done more intensively by studying their morphological characters. Experiment was conducted in 2005 consisted of 170 accessions of taro. Morphological characters of tuber have been observed at harvest time. Result of the study show that variability of morphological characters were exist within areas or among areas. There are several interesting varieties which have long umbi or high tuber yield and specific tuber flesh color.Key words: Colocasia esculenta, corm, germplasm. ABSTRAKTanaman talas telah lama dibudidayakan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan tambahan di Indonesia. Di samping sebagai sumber pangan, talas juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan industri, misalnya sebagai bahan baku kosmetik dan plastik. Karateristik umbi talas menentukan penggunaannya. Pemanfaatan talas dapat ditingkatkan dengan mempelajari sifat-sifat morfologi yang dimiliki plasma nutfah yang telah dikoleksi. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2005 terdiri atas 170 aksesi plasma nutfah talas. Karakter morfologi umbi diamati setelah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman karakter morfologi dalam daerah atau antar daerah asal plasma nutfah. Dari koleksi plasma nutfah yang telah dimiliki diperoleh aksesi yang menarik seperti umbi talas yang panjang dengan warna daging umbi yang khas.Kata kunci: Colocasia esculenta, umbi, plasma nutfah.
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