Long term tamoxifen citrate therapy is imperative to treat several dermatological and hormonal sensitive disorders. Successful oral and parenteral administration of tamoxifen citrate has been challenging since it undergoes enzymatic degradation and has poor aqueous solubility issues. In the present work, tamoxifen citrate loaded ethosomes were prepared and characterized for transdermal applications. The prepared formulations were characterized for morphological features, particle size distribution, calorimetric attributes, zeta potential and drug entrapment. Permeation profile of prepared ethosomes was compared with liposomes and hydroethonalic solution across cellophane membrane and human cadaver skin. Results of the permeation studies indicate that ethosomes were able to deliver >90% drug within 24 hours of application, while liposomes and hydroethanolic solution delivered only 39.04% and 36.55% respectively. Skin deposition and stability studies are also reported.

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The purpose of closure of small dry tympanic membrane perforations is to restore the continuity of the tympanic membrane in order to improve hearing and decrease the incidence of middle ear infections. Small and cost effective procedures like Chemical Cauterization and Fat Plug Myringoplasty have been found to be effective in healing small central perforations with significant hearing improvement. A study was carried out in 69 patients with central perforations in the Department of ENT, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital for the duration of 1 year from August 11 to July 12. Out of 69 patients, 36 underwent Chemical Cauterization and 33 Fat Plug Myringoplasty. Pre-and post-operative hearing assessments of each patient were done and statistically analyzed. The success rate was found to be 83.33% and 90.9% respectively. In both groups, there was statistically significant hearing improvement with a P value 0.01. From our study, it was found that the two procedures are simple, reliable and also lessened the morbidity of the patient. Thus we recommend the use of these two official procedures for the treatment of central perforations of tympanic membrane less than 5 mm.

In the present study, green tea leaves were extracted by four different methods viz. traditional maceration, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonication extraction and microwave irradiation method, using ethanol as solvent. Methods proposed herein were suitably optimized for the purpose of efficient extraction of tea leaves and further, these methods were subjected to comparative evaluation on the basis of results expressed as percentage yield of air-dried tea extract. From results, ultrasonication and microwave irradiation methods were found to be more efficient in extracting green tea leaves as compared to traditional maceration and conventional Soxhlet methods of extraction.

Osteomas are the slow growing benign tumours of the lamellar bones. They are the most common benign neoplasm of nose and paranasal sinuses. But osteomas of the temporal bone are rare and that of the zygomatic process are very very rare. In this case, we present a 38 years old female patient with osteoma of the zygmatic process of the left temporal bone. The osteoma was excised under General anaesthesia and the excised specimen was send for histopathology examination. The report came out to be osteoid osteoma. In this article, we present the incidence and clinicopathological features of osteoma.