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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is more prevalent in developed countries compared with the rest of the world, due to the higher rates of life expectancy and unhealthy lifestyle related factors. This aim of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between interleukins IL-2 and IL-17 concentrations and kidney function markers in men with CKD. Methods: Forty-five men with CKD and seventy controls were enrolled in the current study to assess the relationship between interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and CKD parameters. Fasting blood samples were collected from patients with CKD and their controls at same time. Serum IL-2, and IL-17 were measured in patients with CKD and their controls, and then the relationship between these interleukins and serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid and urine albumin were evaluated. Results: A significant relationship was detected between IL-2 (p< 0.001), IL-17 (p< 0.001) levels and serum creatinine concentrations. The significant increase of IL-2 and IL-17 levels were also paralleled with a significant increase in serum urea (p< 0.001), and urine albumin (p< 0.001) concentrations respectively. Conclusions: IL-2 and IL-17 may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of CKD. The significant increase of IL-2 and IL-17 is associated with significantly high concentrations of creatinine, serum urea and urine albumin suggesting that these interleukins may be used as targets for future biomarkers and molecular therapy. However, due to limited sample size of the current study, larger prospective cohorts are needed to confirm these observations.

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An elderly (76 years old) immunocompromised Iraqi male had carcinoma of colon stage 3c without metastasis operated for seven years before, plus chemotherapy for one year. In winter 2022, this man sorrowed from a sore throat, voice change, and a rise in temperature (37.4 C). Later, dry cough developed in subsequent hours and deteriorated quickly to yellow-colored sputum, plus an increment in his temperature (37.8 C). After that, the patient had non-specific, non-itchy, follicular erythematous papules. The rash varies in size and shape, distributed in the abdomen, lower back, and legs. Two physicians proved pneumonia by clinical means, plus two successive chest x-rays, but the patient refused the laboratory investigations for Covid. He took two doses of the Chinese vaccine (Sinopharm) six months before recent symptoms. After strict treatment, the cough became less frequent, white-colored sputum, fever dropped gradually, at the end of the week. On the tenth day from the beginning of the man's symptoms, the skin rash faded slowly due to prednisolone usage.