Material combinations of semiconductor with conducting polymer are gaining growing interest due to their enhanced activities in photocatalysis as well as electrochemical sensing. In this present work, we report a facile in situ synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) polymer-incorporated silver molybdate (Ag 2 MoO 4 ) nanocomposite that is utilized as a photocatalyst and electrocatalyst for the degradation of pollutant heavy metals, namely, methylene blue (MB) and heavy metal (Cr(VI)), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and for detection of the drug, azomycin. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by various theoretical, spectral, and microscopic studies. Matching of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern with JCPDS no. 76-1747 confirmed the formation of α-Ag 2 MoO 4 /PPy. The surface topography and spherical morphology of the nanocomposite were studied using field emission-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectral detail expounds the smooth incorporation of PPy to Ag 2 MoO 4 . The as-synthesized nanocomposite performs as an efficient photocatalyst in the degradation of MB (99.9%), Cr(VI) (99%), and CIP drug (99.8%) within 10 min. In addition to this, the Ag 2 MoO 4 /PPy-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity in terms of a higher cathodic peak current and lower peak potential when compared with other modified and unmodified GCEs for the detection of azomycin. The Ag 2 MoO 4 /PPy/GCE displayed a broader linear response range and lower detection limit of 0.5−499 μM and 65 nM, respectively. Moreover, other potentially co-interfering compounds, such as a similar functional group-containing biological substances and inorganic species, have no interference effect toward azomycin sensing.

Inorganic perovskite-based alkaline earth oxide materials for electrochemical sensing devices are an unwrapped research field yet to be studied. Herein, we designed a novel perovskite-type calcium stannate (CaSnO3) material with stone-shaped structural morphology synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method with the aid of urea and utilized as an electrocatalyst for the electrochemical detection of photographic developing agent metol (MT). The synthesized CaSnO3 was systematically characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Furthermore, the electrochemical property of CaSnO3 was examined by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. As a result, CaSnO3 modified with a glassy carbon electrode (CaSnO3/GCE) implies better electrocatalytic activity with an enhanced redox peak response, wider linear range (0.01–123 μM), lower detection limit (0.003 μM), and appreciable sensitivity toward the detection of MT. In addition to that, the CaSnO3 modified electrode has excellent selectivity with the existence of potentially interfering compounds such as cationic/anionic species and biological substances. Moreover, the CaSnO3 modified electrode has better reproducibility, repeatability, and storage stability. Further, the practical viability of the synthesized CaSnO3 was investigated by using lake water as a real sample, revealing reasonable recovery results.

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