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This ex vivo study investigates the effectiveness of the new design of the tip of Er,Cr:YSGG laser (BIOLASE TM ) in removing the smear layer at the apical third of curved root canals. Eighty one freshly extracted intact single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth with 15° to 30º canal curvature were selected and decoronated at the level of the cementoenamel junction. The roots were divided into three main groups with 27 samples each. Group I-non-lased teeth, group II-teeth lased with plain tip and group III-teeth lased with conical tip. Each group was further divided into three subgroups of nine samples each with 2 ml of 17% (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2 ml of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) respectively. In all the three groups, canals were prepared with rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments to a working length 1 mm short of the apex to size F3, using ProTaper instruments. The fiber tips were placed into the appropriate irrigant solution in the root canal to a depth of 1 mm short of working length and then activated for 20 seconds. The teeth were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1000×. It can be concluded that to ensure complete removal of smear layer from the root canal system it may be prudent to activate EDTA with conical tip design of Er,Cr:YSGG laser during irrigation protocol in the curved root canals.

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