Background and aims The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of microalbuminuria and examine the association of microalbuminuria with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its component in a Bangladeshi adult cohort. Methods This cross-sectional study included 175 subjects (84 males and 91 females; aged 19–59 years), recruited from the outdoor Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of a medical college hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Lipid profile and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured in serum and albumin and creatinine were determined in urine samples. Microalbuminuria was defined as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30 to 300 mg/g. The MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NECP). The association of microalbuminuria with MetS and its components was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the study subjects, 66.3% were hypertensive and 70.3% were diabetic individuals. Overall, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29.7% with 31% in males and 28.6% in females. Microalbuminuria was 2.6 fold higher in hypertensive and diabetic adults than in the non-hypertensive or non-diabetic adults. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was much more frequent in persons with the MetS (36.0%) than the persons without the MetS (5.4%). The levels of FBG, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and triglycerides were significantly higher (p < 0.01 for all cases) in subjects with microalbuminuria. In regression analysis, after adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index, microalbuminuria was strongly correlated with MetS followed by elevated BP and FBG (p < 0.01 for all cases). Conclusions Microalbuminuria was strongly associated with MetS in Bangladeshi adults. Elevated BP and FBG were the most predominant components of MetS among the study subjects. Comprehensive management of MetS at its early stage can be effective to prevent and reduce the progression of kidney injury and cardiovascular complications.

Both insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance are present in Bangladeshi T2DM subjects, but B-cell dysfunction seems to be the predominant defect. BMI, plasma glucose and insulin are the major determinants of insulin secretory capacity; and generalized as well as central obesity, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin are among the major determinants of insulin sensitivity in this population.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting more than 135 million people in the world. The etiology of the disease is not fully understood, but recently subclinical hemochromatosis has been considered as one of the probable causes of DM. This study was carried out to examine the relationship between serum ferritin as a marker of iron overload with DM and HbA1c.Materials & Method: This study was conducted in the Biochemistry department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka; over a period of 18 months from July 2013 to December 2014. In this case control study, 46 patients with type 2 diabetes were taken as case, who were referred to theoutpatient department of "Ibrahim General Hospital & Diabetic care & Educational Center"(DCEC). 46 normal individuals were included as the control group, who were matched with the case group regarding age, sex, BMI and Hb%. Ferritin, hemoglobin, HbA1c and fasting plasma sugar were measured in blood samples. Exclusion criteria included anaemia, or any other disease or drug that could affect ferritin levels.Result: Results were analyzed statistically by Chi-square test, Student's t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient test and Odds ratio.Mean serum ferritin was significantly higher in diabetics than in the control group (197.97±75.99 µgm/L vs. 64.24±27.83 µgm/L, p<0.001). There was significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and HbA1cin diabetic patients (p<0.001). In this study, OR of 11.64 was also found.Conclusion: Serum ferritin is positively correlated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. And this may be an important and independent predictor for development of diabetes mellitus.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 9, No. 1: Jan 2018, P 29-33

The extraction and consequent application of natural colorants obtained from mahogany ( Swietenia mahagoni) seed pod powder is described here. The colored solution was extracted by facile boiling in an acidic medium. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the mahogany seed pod extract contained lignocellulosic substances. The typical strong broad band for -OH stretching vibration appeared at around the 3400 cm−1 region in the spectra indicating the presence of alcoholic groups in the substance. The acidic boiling of the mahogany seed pod extract showed the color bearing character at λmax 400–480 nm in the visible range of the ultra-violet spectrum. Subsequently, commercial single jersey-knitted nylon fabric was dyed with the mahogany seed pod extract. The effects of temperature, pH, and time were investigated meticulously for the above dyeing. The optimum conditions for nylon fabric dyeing with the mahogany seed pod extract were selected as the temperature of 100°C, dyeing time of 60 min, and dyebath pH 4.5. The results were interpreted in terms of color strength and fastness properties. The color fastness to wash and perspiration of nylon fabric dyed with mahogany seed pod extract was found to be moderate to good in the grey scale rating 3–4 to 4 grade in the case of optimum dyeing condition whereas color fastness to light was observed to be poor in the blue wool scale rating 2 grade. It was observed that dyeing time, temperature, and pH had profound influences on the color strength of the dyed material. The color strength was increased with the increase of dyeing period and dyebath temperature. The acidic dye liquor produced the darker hues while the alkaline condition had no effect on color yielding. The fabric was dyed uniformly, confirming the evenness of dyeing which is very important for successful commercial dyeing.

Materials S1. Materials and chemicalsBleached cotton fabric was procured from "HI-FASHION COMPOSITE TEXTILES LIMITD", Gazipur, Bangladesh. 100% cotton yarn of 30/s count was knitted in single jersey structure. The selected fabric has the following geometrical criterion: areal density =172 grams per square meter (gsm), thickness=0.78mm, course per inch (CPI) =36.86, Wales per inch (WPI) =28.64, stitch length =2.78 mm. The colorimetric properties of the fabric include: Whiteness Index=68.38, lightness (L*) =93.68, redness (a*) =-0.30, blueness (b*) =3.67, chroma (c*) =3.68, Hue (h*) =94.74, reflectance =85 and brightness index (BI) =94.19. Method S1. Phytochemical analysis of MED extractQualitative screening of MED extract using different solvents (hot distilled water: MW, ethanol: ME and acetone: MA) was performed for the identification of different phytochemical compounds (tannins, flavonoids, betacyanins, saponins). Chemicals used for this experiment are hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride, sulfuric acid, acetone, ethanol, sodium hydroxide, etc. purchased from Merck, India and used without any further purification. Assessment of tanninsFeCl3 test: 2mL ml dye extract was mixed with 2 mL of 5% solution of ferric chloride. A dark blue coloration in MED indicated the presence of hydrolysable tannin in the extract (Batool et al., 2019). Alkaline reagent test:A volume of 2 mL of 1 N NaOH solution was added in 2 mL of MED extract. Appearance of yellow to red orange color showed the presence of tannins (Batool et al., 2019). Assessment of flavonoidsShinoda test: 1mL MED extract was mixed with ethanol (1mL), 2drops of HCl (cc) and Mg chips.The yellow to red violet coloration indicate the presence of flavonoids (Khlif et al., 2015).Alkaline acid test: 1mL of dilute (2N) sodium hydroxide was added in 2mL of MED extract. An intense yellow color was produced in the dye extract, which became colorless on addition of 2/3 drops of dilute acid which indicates the presence of flavonoids (Masih & Singh, 2012). Assessment of betacyaninsNaOH test: 1 mL of each dye extract was taken in the test tube and followed by the addition of 2 mL of 1 N sodium hydroxide. The test sample was boiled at 100 °C for about 10 min. Betacyanin presence was indicated by the yellow color formation of the hot extract (Batool et al., 2019). Assessment of saponinsShaking test: 2mg of MED powder was mixed with 2 mL of distilled water in the test tube. After this accumulation, the test sample was mixed vigorously for almost 15 min. The formation of a soapy layer indicated the presence of saponins in test samples (Batool et al., 2019). Method S2. Dyeing procedureDyeing had carried out according to exhaust method via Infra-red lab sample dyeing machine (XIAMEN RAPID, China) with a reaction temperature of 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110℃ simultaneously for 60 minutes. Dyeing was also carried out with different runtime (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 minutes) at constant 80℃. After dyeing, baths were cooled at 40℃ and washed at room temperature with water. Then samples ...