INTRODUCTION The burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing in world and same is scenario in Nepal.The prevalence of T2DM in Nepal  has increased from 2014 to 2020. T2DM is still a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, due to its complications. A strong correlation between cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) has been found. This study aimed to investigate echocardiographic features and clinical profile in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study included 100 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, presented to Medicine Department of Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa  from 1st May, 2019 AD to 30th April 2020. We included type 2 diabetes diagnosed as per American diabetes association 2018 criteria. RESULTS Males (52%) were more compared to females (44%). 28%  were in age group 61-70 years, 26% in age group 41-50 years and 25% in age group 51-60 years. Abnormal thirst 42%, polyuria 38% and weight loss 32% were most common presenting symptoms with 23% having all 3 symptoms. Fifty two percent were smokers, 22% consumed alcohol, 48% had HTN and 23% cases had CAD. Fourty two cases (42%) had Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, 25 cases (25%) had Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 16 cases (16%) had RWMA others had RA/RV dilated and dilated LV/LA. CONCLUSION LVDD was most common echocardiographic finding in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTIONOrganophosphorous poisoning is a prevalent emergency care problem found in Nepal. Nepal being agricultural country and pesticide being easily available, organophorous poisoning is most common cause of poison related morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Main objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome of patients on the basis of demographic profile, type of compound, presenting symptoms and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODSOur study included 80 patients with organophosphorous ingestion, admitted in ICU and wards of Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Rupendehi, Nepal from1th July, 2019 AD to 30th July 2020 AD. Ethical clearance was obtained along with consent from patient. Data was collected from patient’s visitor. RESULTSFemales (63%) were more common than males (37%). Age group 21-30 was most likely to ingest OP compound for suicidal attempts.Chlorpyriphos (80%) was most common compound ingested.41% cases consumed alcohol, 10% cases were smokers, 11% cases had diabetes and 22% cases had hypertension. Vomiting (90% cases) was most common symptom. 54% cases had hospital stay of less than 5 days and 43% cases had hospital stay of 5-10 days.Based on POP scoring 24 cases of  moderate severity 1 case died where as 3 cases out of 8 severe cases died.74% had uneventful recovery,11%  developed intermediate symptoms,10% needed ventillatory support and 5% died due to poisoning.  CONCLUSIONOrganophosphorous poisoning was the most common acute poisoning in young female population.Strict policies against the free availability and sale of insecticides is required to control organophosphorus poisoning.

INTRODUCTION Covid-19 is a debilitating disorder which affects the lungs with multiple organs involvement. The biochemical variables play important role in the management of the Covid-19 patients who are with different clinical profile, socio-demographic, and co-morbid conditions like diabetes and hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted in the Covid-19 hospitalized cases at UCMS, Bhairahawa. Total of 150 patients were enrolled in the study period from May 2021 and October 2021 whose clinical profile, sociodemographic and biochemical variables were assessed. RESULTS The gender wise distribution shows the male dominancy with M:F ratio 1:0.85. The maximum age group vulnerable to Covid-19 in our study was found to be 41-60 years with median age of 47 years. There were constellations of symptom with shortness of breath 70% becoming first followed by cough 67.3% and fever 54%. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was 19.3% and 24% showing co-morbidity associated changes in biochemical parameters. The male to female differences in biochemical changes have been associated with Covid-19 patients, however age wise distribution do not show any difference in biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION COVID 19 patients have a high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, which is a common morbidity. A few biochemical indices (D-dimer, LDH, CRP, and ALT) change significantly between males and females. All biochemical parameters, on the other hand, are unaffected by age.