Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a congenital lymphatic hamartoma and rarely occurs in the male genital organs. Here we report a case of acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum of scrotum following vasectomy, which has not been reported till date. High clinical suspicion index is the clue to the clinician for diagnosis; histopathological confirmation and adequate surgical excision with deep lymphatic cisterns give the best result.

India has high incidence of Gallbladder carcinoma with regional variation in incidence possibly due to environmental factors. Prospective study of all the gall bladder cancer in our hospital over 18 months analysing how the epidemiological factors are influencing the disease. Incidence-Four cases per 100,000 populations per year. The peak incidence was in 41 to 50 years group (49.20 %). Male to female ratio was 1:3.8. Majority (69.84 %) were in lower socio-economic group. 61 out of 63 patients (96.62 %) were nonvegetarians. 60.34 % and 19.04 % patients weighed between 50 and 55 kg and 55and 60 kg respectively (p=0.003). Male smokers had significantly higher risk (p=0.000 1). Gall stones were present in 45 out of 63 cases(71.42 %).45 out of 63 patients were typhoid carriers (p<0.05). Pain abdomen was the commonest complaint (87.30 %), followed by pallor, lump in right upper quadrant, nausea & vomiting and jaundice in 71.42 %, 69.84 %, 66.66 %, 31.74 % patients respectively. This data highlights high prevalence of gall bladder carcinoma in Eastern India. Better hygiene and water supply to prevent typhoid carriers, prevention of malnutrition, early intervention for cholelithiasis, importance of balanced diet, increase in awareness about risk of tobacco and alcohol consumption-all are highlighted as significant modifiable factors.

Abstract:Anomalies of renal migration and fusion are rare. Ectopic kidneys that fail to ascend above the pelvic brim are commonly called pelvic kidneys. Bilateral cases have also been reported but are very rare. We present a case of 43 year old female who presented with intermittent dull aching pain in right lower abdomen, who had malrotated pelvic kidneys with vascular anomalies, associated with spina bifida. The majority of patients with ectopic kidneys are asymptomatic but those affected by obstruction, recurrent infection, or renal calculi, the anatomical position and associated anomalies should dictate the plan of management.

We report a rare case of a 13-year-old female child with a right-sided duplex system with the upper moiety draining into the uterus. Only one such case has been reported in scientific literature in English, of ectopic ureter draining into the uterus has been reported in literature. The patient was managed with laparoscopic end-to-side ureteroureterostomy into the normal ureter of the lower moiety.