Dehorning and disbudding are the routine management practices in goat farm. Benefit of dehorning and disbudding includes less space required during feeding, easy management, good carcass quality and are required before dairy goats are used as a show animal in the United States. Dehorning is the process of surgically removing horns from adult goats. Dehorning causes severe pain during the surgery and several complications thereafter. Four to six weeks is needed for healing dehorned wound. Dehorning is not generally practiced unless necessary. Disbudding is the process of removing horn buds at an early age. Pain and complications during and after disbudding are less compared with dehorning, nevertheless disbudding causes 100% increase in blood concentration of stress hormones and kids exhibit stress behaviors. Injection of local anesthetic (lignocaine) alone has no benefit but injection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; meloxicam) before local anesthetic helps to minimize disbudding stress. There are several disbudding techniques. It is necessary to adopt disbudding technique that minimizes stress.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Regional anesthesia of the extremities and of the trunk is a useful alternative to general anesthesia in many situations. Brachial plexus block has now evolved into valuable and safe alternative to general anesthesia for upper limb surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This randomized study on Sixty ASA I and II candidates, were randomly allocated to receive 1.5% lidocaine (29 ml) with adrenaline (1:200,000) and either 1 ml of normal saline (group A, n=30) or 1 ml of dexamethasone (4 mg) (group B,n=30).The duration of sensory and motor block,duration of analgesia and number of rescue analgesics in post-op 24 hours were analyzed. RESULTS:The duration of sensory and motor blockade and post op analgesia (in mins) (178.60 ±30.26 vs. 420.73±80.87and 150.70±32.32vs.306.93±70.24 and 396.13±109.42 vs 705.80±121.46) respectively,were significantly longer in the dexamethasone group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION:Addition of dexamethasone to lidocaine with adrenaline in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade,duration of analgesia and lessens no of rescue analgesia needed in 24 hrs.

Aim:To compare the efficacy of Tramadol with that of