Microbial infections can happen on a daily basis. There are specific microbial infections that are associated with the reproductive health. Infertility is a devastating health problem. It is estimated that out of % of infertility worldwide, around % is due to male partner. Infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, hepatitis " virus, tuberculosis, Streptococcus faecalis, and mumps are found to be associated with male infertility. "lthough most of the life-threatening microbial infections have dramatically declined since the introduction of the childhood vaccination program, there are concerns about few outbreaks and the associated risk of male infertility. This chapter deals with few microbial infections, their association with male infertility, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and control measures.