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Three-dimensional (3D) microsupercapacitors (MSC) have been spotlighted, because they overcome limited areal capacitance of two-dimensional planar MSCs. Specially, 3D printing technology offers numerous advantages to generate 3D electrodes for MSCs, which includes time-saving, cost-effective manufacturing, and realization of tailorable complex electrode designs. In this paper, we report novel hierarchical 3D designs of conductive 3D electrodes for MSC by digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. Photocurable composite resin with silver nanowires was optimized for DLP printing for the hierarchical design of high aspect ratio in 3D electrodes. The hierarchical 3D electrodes showed unique patterns on the structure corresponding to stacking of layers in the direction of 3D printing. The fabricated 3D MSCs demonstrated low electrical resistance to be used as feasible MSC electrodes. Energy storage from silver redox reactions was demonstrated in hierarchical 3D electrodes designed with mechanically durable 3D octet trusses.

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Graphene is one of the astounding recent advancements in current science and one of the most encouraging materials for application in cutting-edge electronic gadgets.

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) is beneficial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, a subset of clients struggle to engage with traditional methods, due to high levels of avoidance and dissociation. This paper aims to describe an adapted approach to imaginal reliving and prolonged exposure, to facilitate subsequent cognitive updating. The paper demonstrates the technique with veterans, who are a client group that may struggle with some aspects of traditionally implemented TF-CBT. Two case studies are described, both with PTSD symptoms stemming from traumatic military experiences. An adapted exposure technique is utilized to address the barriers of high dissociation, poor access to trauma-related cognitions and fixed intrusive imagery. The approach involved three stages: (1) reliving the trauma outdoors, (2) manipulating the perspectives of the imagery, and (3) restructuring the narrative with new perspectives. Both clients showed decreased dissociation and improved toleration of their traumatic imagery. Improvement of PTSD symptoms and quality-of-life functioning was observed for both clients on objective measures. Adapting TF-CBT to have a stronger emphasis on grounding and allocentric processing may be helpful for a subset of patients with PTSD that present with high levels of dissociation and avoidance. Further research and investigation into alternative populations is needed.