Hemophilia A and B are X-linked diseases that predominantly affect male patients. Patients can develop coagulation factor inhibitors, which exponentially increases the treatment cost. However, the prevalence of factor VIII and IX inhibitors in Saudi Arabia is unclear.This study aimed to determine the Saudi prevalence of factor VIII and IX inhibitors.This 4-year, 7-center, cross-sectional study evaluated the Saudi prevalences of hemophilia A and B. We collected the patients’ clinical data, evaluated their disease, and tested for factor inhibitors.We included 202 patients with hemophilia (median age at diagnosis: 0.13 years, range: birth–34.8 years). The patients included 198 male patients (98%), 148 patients with hemophilia A (73.3%), and 54 patients with hemophilia B (26.7%). The patients exhibited severe factor VIII activity (<1%; 121 patients; 5.2%), moderate activity (1–5%; 7 patients; 4.9%), and mild activity (14 patients; 9.9%). Among the patients with care-related data, most patients were treated for episodic bleeding (76.8%) or received prophylaxis (22.6%); 1 patient received both treatments. Among the patients with source-related data, the factor replacements were derived from plasma (48.4%), recombinant concentrates (22.9%), both sources (14.6%), or fresh frozen plasma (14.1%). Factor VIII inhibitors were observed in 43 (29.3%) of the 147 patients, and only 1 of the 54 patients developed factor IX inhibitors. Most patients who developed inhibitors had severe hemophilia (40/44; 90.9%), and inhibitors were also common among patients who received recombinant products (14/43; 32.6%).The Saudi prevalence of factor inhibitors was similar to those among other ethnic populations.

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In this study, the effect of Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT) on the wear behavior of copper beryllium alloy was investigated. The material is subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment to – 80 °C and wear study was conducted on a pin on disc apparatus. The Shallow Cryogenic treated and untreated copper beryllium alloy pins were used against hardened AISI 4140 steel disc. The micro-structural examination was carried out using optical microscope. The hardness was measured using Rockwell hardness tester. The wear track was studied using optical microscope. Microstructure study indicated that the grains of shallow cryogenic treated samples are finer than that of untreated sample. Hardness of the cryogenic treated sample is higher than that of the untreated sample. The wear resistance of cryogenic treated copper beryllium alloy has improved compared with untreated sample.