Abstract-Learning can be analyzed at the individual level in addition to firm'slevel. But, with a closer look, learning by firms depends on the composition of employees which can be apart in terms ofeducational levels. In Iran, educational level of manufacturing firms is divided to seven groups, includingilliterate, not holding high school diploma, holding high school diploma, associate, bachelor, master and doctorate. In this regards, with combining these levels, two groups of higher education and non-higher education can be obtained and solearning is expected to be diverse in these two groups.Accordingly, this article focuses on investigating the effect of higher education level on learning, using data in the Non-metallic mineral products manufacturingfirms as one of the main manufacturing industries in Iran. With investigating two distributions, lognormalandPareto, the results of this study have shown that a certain threshold of percentage of higher educated employees for affecting on firm learning is needed. In particular, firms with more than 30 percent of employees affects firm's learning and follows Pareto distribution.From policy point of view, this finding indicates that soft business support, instead of hard business support, including employee's education can be considered as one of the most industrial policy in the case of developing countries.
Introduction: Health, both physically and mentally, raises the level of human capital. This study aims to challenge the performance of the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2015) regarding inequality in the distribution of health facilities among the provinces of the country. Methods: This study is analytical cross sectional. In this research, using the TOPSIS method and using the Gini coefficient index and inequality ratios, was evaluated the distribution of health facilities among the provinces of the country. Also, to determine the degree of health development among the provinces of the country, from 13 indices including hospital per capita, hospital bed per capita, health house per capita, health center per capita, laboratory per capita, pharmacy per capita, general practitioner per capita, specialist physician per capita and other health care staff per capita were used. The software used in this research is SPSS 25. Results: The results show that in 2011, the provinces of Tehran, KhorasanRazavi and Isfahan were at the highest level and the provinces of South Khorasan, Ilam and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad were at the lowest level in this regard. While, in 2015, the provinces of Tehran, KhorasanRazavi maintained their previous position and Fars province was in the third place. The province of Ilam, was still at the lowest level. The Gini coefficient of distribution of health facilities among the provinces of the country in 2011 was 0.49, and increased to 0.52 in 2015. The share ratio of the top 20% to the bottom 20% among the provinces in terms of enjoying health facilities in 2011 and 2015 was equal to 32 and 37, respectively. Conclusion: The severity of inequality of health facilities among the provinces of the country has intensified during the Fifth Plan. The results show that the provinces have a significant difference in their position in access to health facilities and this indicates equal distribution of health facilities among the provinces of the country.
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