The material of building stone in this picturesque nature is a valuable treasure in the hands of man, and the value of building stone that man discovered since ancient times is because he believes that this material is the truth that preserves his artistic achievements over time and reflects the face of civilization and the thought of peoples, and man has invested in stone caves and in The manufacture of hunting and self-defense tools, and he used them in their basic function to bear the weights in building his dwellings, cities, and temples, and in the details also in the walls, ceilings, knots, doors, windows, stone columns, their bases, and muqarnas. And when we start today the stage of architectural design, we touch on the art of architecture and full knowledge of all the technical details in order to succeed in this work, and we read about the history of the architecture of civilizations and peoples for thousands of years and the stages of their development until our modern era, which reflected their religious and social philosophy and its continuous development, and it is a science that combines the past And the present with its primary components and has an extension and has no limits. It is the science of the building block over time that left us diligence to delve into this field, especially in our field of work after we left the academic period. The science of building stone reflects the civilized and cultural face of the peoples in general and the Arab peoples in particular.
This research aimed at tracking and investigating the evolution and development of domes construction, design, sizes, shapes, used materials, and functions of the domes during the different eras of the Islamic architecture. To achieve the research's objectives, the study used the descriptive, analytical and historical methods to deepen and enriching understanding the value and the aesthetic features of the domes, and the used instructional methods, how they were developed from bricks, stones, to reinforced concreted covering wider spans of the mosque to provide good view to the Mihrab and to see the speaker. In addition, the research used a case study dome of Mosque King Abdullah Ben Al-Hussein to learn useful lessons from some of the tumbles in the construction of the dome during the construction and after the usage, including sound distortion and echo resulting from lack of adherence with the golden percentage, between the dome's height and width of the mosque. Finally, the research based on the review of the previous domes construction introducing some recommendations to the designers of the domes, the most important to sustain the beauty and significance of the domes without imitation of other domes rather through carefully study the internal and external constraints to reach the optimal result at cost effectiveness. Introduction:This research aims to shed light on the evolution and development of the domes in Islamic architecture, and to know forms of the domes in their appropriate structural position, either in the religious buildings or housing building. This requires following-up the historical buildings that have been found from the excavations in the previous eras and known civilizations which our Arabic and Islamic regions are rich of them. The Islamic domes are influenced by the architecture of these civilizations and nations, but at the end they took special feature specific to them. Forms and decorations of the domes were multiple in the Islamic countries, either inside or outside the dome. Multiple geometrical and plants drawings were used, in addition to the Kuranic verses. The Islamic domes have reached high level of superiority from the structured and the architectural sides and became important constructional element in covering the religious buildings.
The Environment Architecture group addressed the nature and roles of an architecture for a software engineering environment and how a next generation environment might look. An architecture can be thought of a number of different ways including as:• The accumulated information on the high level design• A set of descriptions, renditions, or views• What was decided first in designing the environment• A document addressing "architectural" issues.All of these have some merit when one considers the main uses of an architectural description. It is a record of design decisions, an aid in understanding the environment, an aid in evaluation and comparison of environemnts, and serves the needs of different audience --- primerily the architect, the user, and the tool builder.
This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems. © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
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