Social sciences emerged in Chile during the mid-1950s in a context of social transformations that marked their foundation and consolidation as scientific disciplines. This article deals with the general background of the installation of these disciplines, particularly sociology, their later consolidation and the subsequent process of dismantling and re-composition, from the point of view of their institutionalization and internationalization. Like all research, this is a partial perspective, nurtured with the views of the generation that followed the foundational phase, which has its conceptual bases in what we have called the ''social sciences development model'' or project, and the contributions of a series of other authors. In the Chilean case, several authors agree on the identification of three periods in the development of social sciences, viewed as institutional milestones, even though we consider sub-periods within each one. A first period of creation, institutionalization and professionalization goes from the mid-1950s until 1973. A second period coincides with the military dictatorship , during which the majority of social sciences had to abandon their home in universities. Such a loss was compensated by the creation of a variety of independent academic centers, which permitted a development of these disciplines associated with a growing process of thematic specialization. The third phase corresponds to the return of a democratic regime (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003), a period in which social sciences again situated themselves preferably in universities, occasioning a new expansion of professional training programs and institutions. The article traces these phases in view of going beyond a history of the disciplines to develop an analytical perspective that accounts for the characteristics of the context, the institutional dimensions, the thematic contents and their role in society. I thank Carolina Gaínza, Claudia Gutiérrez and Angélica Cruz for their collaboration in data collection and the elaboration and revision of preliminary manuscripts of this article, and Catalina Moya for the preliminary translation and Antonia Errázuriz for the revised translation.Résumé. Les sciences sociales sont apparues au Chili vers le milieu des années 1950 dans un contexte de transformations sociales qui ont marqué leur fondation et leur consolidation en tant que disciplines scientifiques. Cet article s'intéresse au contexte global de l'installation de ces disciplines (en particulier la sociologie), à leur consolidation institutionnelle, et au processus de démantèlement puis de re-composition qui a suivi, du point de vue de leur institutionnalisation et de leur internationalisation. Comme toute recherche, il s'agit d'une perspective partielle nourrie par les points de vue de la génération qui a suivi la phase de fondation, et dont les fondements conceptuels se trouvent dans ce que l'auteur a appelé le ''modèle de développement des sciences sociales'' et dans les con...

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The author seeks to analyse the repercussions and consequences of the Pinochet affair for Chilean domestic politics. He explains how the legacy of seventeen years of authoritarian rule has shaped the deep divisions within Chilean society regarding the prosecution of the Chilean former dictator in the London courts. Chile is an incomplete democracy and Pinochetism is very much alive in Chile today. The author is very critical of the role played by the current Chilean government and political class, for their behaviour during the affair. In granting a special mission to the General which gave him immunity and later supported his legal case after initial hesitation, the government has shown confusion that has not advanced the case for full democratization and justice in Chile. The ambiguous behaviour of the political class during the episode has discredited its prestige in the eyes of public opinion. Chilean society, according to the author, has missed an opportunity to advance justice and the dignity of the country.

ResumenLa memoria de un país es entendida como la elaboración que un grupo o sociedad hace de su pasado en torno a la tradición, memoria histórica, o hitos fundantes, que van unidos al proyecto nacional. En este artículo se consideran como hitos fundantes de los últimos treinta años la crisis del proyecto nacionalpopular de la Unidad Popular, el golpe militar y la dictadura; el Plebiscito y la redemocratización política, estos dos últimos simbolizados en el 11 de septiembre y el 5 de octubre. En Chile, la memoria nacional es aún una memoria fragmentada: o es escindida, o es antagonística, o es parcial o sectorial. No podrá haber proyecto de país si no hay una memoria colectiva que supere las escisiones y fragmentaciones actuales en el ámbito ético (verdad y justicia en DDHH), socio-económico (igualdades) y político (un orden constitucional consensuado). AbstractA country's memory is understood as the elaboration that a group or society develops about its past, in terms of its tradition, its historical memory, or its foundational landmarks, all of which are linked to a national project. This article considers as foundational landmarks of the last the thirty years the crisis of the Popular Unity's national-popular project; the military coup and the dictatorship; and the Plebiscite and the political redemocratization. September 11th and October 5th are symbolic dates for the latter two foundational landmarks. In Chile, national memory is still fragmented: it is either divided or antagonistic, partial, or segmented. A national project cannot exist in the absence of a collective memory that transcends these current divisions and fragmentations in the ethical (truth and justice in human rights), the socioeconomic (equalities), and the political realms (a consensual constitutional order). PALABRAS CLAVE • Chile • Tradición • Memoria Histórica • Hitos Fundantes • Proyecto Nacional • Ética INTRODUCCIÓNUn país es el modo de enfrentar y proyectar su pasado. Dicho de otra manera, es en torno a cómo resolvamos los problemas del pasado que va a definirse nuestro futuro como comunidad histórico moral. Por lo que volver una y otra vez sobre lo que nos pasó como país no es un ejercicio puramente intelectual y de encerramiento en el pasado, es reflexionar sobre lo único común que tenemos como país, más allá de una suma de individuos, familias o grupos particulares que habitan un territorio, sobre lo único que nos da identidad: nuestro futuro como comunidad nacional es el modo como enfrentemos y resolvamos hacia adelante nuestro pasado. No cabe, entonces, hablar de dar vuelta la página o cerrar el pasado, porque no tenemos otra cosa en común que nuestro pasado como colectividad. De ahí la importancia de fijar ciertos principios básicos con relación a él, la necesidad de una memoria colectiva compartida sobre lo fundamental, aunque se * El título original de la exposición hecha en el seminario era "Memoria y proyecto nacional": Agradezco a Oscar Godoy, entre otros comentarios y sugerencias, la idea de usar el concepto de "proyecto ...

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