Presentamos un estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas con diseño transversal, cuyo objetivo global fue estudiar las creencias y estrategias utilizadas por los estudiantes para el control del peso, la satisfacción/insatisfacción con su imagen corporal y sus relaciones con la autoestima. La muestra estuvo formada por 740 estudiantes de la Universidad de Almería, seleccionada por un procedimiento de muestreo estratificado por sexo, curso y centro, que cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Creencias y Estrategias para el Control del Peso, elaborado ad hoc para esta investigación, y el Cuestionario de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Los resultados generales muestran que el 73.7% de la muestra total, no utiliza estrategias para controlar el peso y que sólo el 48.2 % de la muestra total, se esfuerzan por controlarlo. El mayor porcentaje de mujeres se identifica con el prototipo físico actual de pícnicas y el prototipo más deseado es el de atléticas. El porcentaje mayor de los hombres se identifican con en el prototipo actual atlético y es este prototipo el más deseado. El 48.16% de los sujetos están satisfechos con su prototipo actual y el 51.84% se muestran insatisfechos. Los hombres están significativamente más satisfechos con su imagen corporal que las mujeres y los sujetos más satisfechos presentan una mayor autoestima.Palabras clave: Estrategias control del peso, satisfacción/insatisfacción corporal, imagen corporal, autoestima. Beliefs and strategies for weight management, satisfaction with body image and selfesteem.We present a descriptive research study with crossover design, the overall aim was to study the beliefs and strategies used by students for weight control, satisfaction / dissatisfaction with their body image and relations with self-esteem. The sample consisted of 740 students at the University of Almeria, selected by a stratified sampling procedure by gender, course and facility, which completed the Questionnaire of Beliefs and Strategies for Weight Management, developed ad hoc for this research, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire. The overall results show that 73.7% of the total sample does not use strategies to control weight, and only 48.2% of the total sample, they try to control it. The highest percentage of women identified with the actual physical prototype and the prototype fleshy most desired is the Athletic. The largest percentage of men are identified in the current prototype this prototype is athletic and the most desired. The 48.16% of the subjects are satisfied with their current prototype and the 51.84% shown is unsatisfied. Men are significantly more satisfied with their body image than women and more satisfied subjects have higher self-esteem.
Tunnel excavation in squeezing ground exhibits large time-dependent and often anisotropic deformation. Within the context of the Fréjus road tunnel and its safety gallery excavated under the Alps between France and Italy, an interesting configuration of two parallel tunnels under squeezing ground conditions is observed. The special feature of this case study lies in the fact that both tunnels have been excavated in similar geotechnical conditions but with different excavation techniques. The road tunnel was excavated with conventional drill and blast methods in the seventies whereas the safety gallery was excavated between 2009 and 2016 with a single shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM).The present paper presents monitoring data processing and numerical simulations of both tunnels with the aim of studying the influence of the excavation method on the timedependent tunnel response. A calibration of a visco-elasto-plastic anisotropic constitutive model based on the back-analysis of convergence measurements retrieved during the excavation of the Fréjus road tunnel is carried out. The identified ground behavior can be extrapolated to the parallel zones of the safety gallery. In particular, we are interested in the prediction of the stress state in the segmental lining of the gallery during its excavation and the comparison with in situ measurements. It is shown that the time-dependent behavior of the ground is affected by the excavation technique. Finally, an attempt to predict the long-term response of both tunnels is proposed.
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