The rapid proliferation of cell phone use and the accompanying decline in landline service in recent years have resulted in substantial potential for coverage bias in landline random-digit-dial telephone surveys, which has led to the implementation of dual-frame designs that incorporate both landline and cell phone samples. Consequently, researchers have developed methods to allocate samples and combine the data from the two frames. In this article, we review point and interval estimation methods of proportions that can be used to analyze overlapping dual-frame surveys. We use data from the survey of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration (Opinions and Attitudes of the Andalusian Population regarding Immigration survey), a dual-frame telephone survey conducted in Andalusia, Spain, to explore these different statistical adjustments for combining landline and cell phone samples. Our application obtains good results for calibration, fixed weight, pseudo-empirical likelihood, and single-frame procedures. We recommend that one of these internally consistent estimators be used in practice. The results of these methods of estimation show that the negative image toward immigration continues to spread.
The public paths network in Spain constitutes state property in the public domain which is endangered by disappearance or misappropriation. This exploratory article asks how this situation has an impact on the right to the landscape. We provide an overview of the situation of public paths in Spain, as well as examples from six case studies, which reveals that much conflict stems from changes in their use and the practices related to them. Public pathways play a key role in the perception of the territory, and their disappearance entails landscape injustices which we need to distinguish from landscapes of injustice.
This article analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 2020 with Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers, who were confined to their homes due to the epidemiological crisis. The questionnaire was administered between 23 April and 25 May. Responses to the questionnaire on emotional and adaptive reactions during the COVID-19 confinement (REACOVID-19) were received from 88 subjects, who represented 100% of the total population of Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers. Through this questionnaire, they were asked about their living conditions, their daily training habits and their psychological, cognitive and emotional adaptation during the confinement. The results show the commitment of these athletes to their sports goals and their responsibility in respecting the confinement rules. Sixty-seven per cent of them stated that they had not left their homes for 96 days. In these extreme circumstances, the majority trained an average of 11 to 13 hours a week and coped with the confinement with a positive attitude, in spite of the inconveniences of social isolation, the lack of equipment and technical support for training and the limitations of their physical space. The article analyzes which emotional and social factors influenced both their motivation and their hours of training.
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