Flourishing trend of aerospace and automobile applications endlessly demand for significantly higher encouraging performance lightweight materials. Potentially Magnesium got limelight for having lightweight physical property and thus has great potential to energize mechanical property by making its composites. Therefore, magnesium composite was fabricated by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement into magnesium matrix at volume percentages 10, 20 and 30, respectively through friction stir processing (FSP). Furthermore, the effect of MWCNTs was investigated and validated through various characterizations. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation ensured the existence of parent phases of materials. The mechanical properties of MWCNT/Mg composites such as tensile strength and micro hardness were investigated and found optimum results at 20 vol% MWCNTs. The optimum upsurge in tensile strength attained was twice relative to pure magnesium. Moreover, the wear test was conducted to analyse the wear behaviour. Since the grain growth was obstructed by MWCNTs reinforcement and encouraged to enrich grain refinement, thus the wear resistance was improved. However, the mechanical properties deteriorated beyond 20% due to clustering of reinforcement revealed from fracture study.

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An upsurge in demand and extensive effort in orthopedic implants directed toward innovative biomaterials for orthopedic applications. Orthopedic implants are significantly used in mature alternatives to retain, restore or modify the defective bone or tissue. However, exhaustive research in the past reveals various health-associated problems that can be effectively overcome by inventing newer kinds of biomaterials. The selection of optimal materials and the fabrication process are crucial challenges enforced by numerous novel materials that could be made for orthopedic applications. This paper intends to systematically assess the processing method employed in manufacturing the biomaterials for orthopedic applications. However, the success of biomedical implants in orthopedic are commonly restricted owing to insufficient bone-implant integration, wear debris induced osteolysis, and implant-associated infections. Nevertheless, the endeavor has also been intended to enhance the biological properties of the biomaterials by surface modification process while retaining their strength and hardness. Furthermore, various surface modifications have been comprehended. This review conferred contemporary advancements in surface coating approaches in orthopedic to enhance their osteointegration, improve corrosion resistance and accomplish antibacterial performance, clinical success and long-term service. The insight review has revealed the current outcomes in the field of engineering biomaterials concerning surface modifications of metallic implants or composite for enhancing their biological properties.