NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasomes are multitasking intracellular sensors having characteristically unique ability to detect myriad of microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals which promote structural assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome thus enabling it to perform instrumental roles. Detailed mechanistic insights revealed that molecularly assembled NLRP3 inflammasomes stimulated caspase-1-driven release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. NLRP3 has been shown to play fundamental role in the regulation of cancer progression and metastasis. Recently emerging cutting-edge research-works have started to shed light on the involvement of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of NLRP3 in different cancers. MicroRNAs, lncRNAs and circular RNAs have been shown to modulate NLRP3 in different diseases. However, we still have incomplete information about regulation of NLRP3 by circular RNAs in various cancers. In this review, we will comprehensively analyze how different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs modulate NLRP3 in human cancers. Emerging evidence has started to scratch the surface of the participation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of NLRP3. Xenografted mice-based studies have also enabled us to develop a better comprehension of interplay between miRNAs, lncRNAs and NLRP3. Hopefully, detailed analysis of contextual regulation of NLRP3 by oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs will be helpful in getting a step closer to the personalized medicine.

The DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family constitutes a conserved set of DNA-modifying enzymes which have essential functions in the modulation of epigenetics. The fundamental role of epigenetic changes in carcinogenesis and metastasis is increasingly being appreciated. DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) have been shown to drive metastasis. Epigenetic machinery is installed at the target sites for the regulation of a wide variety of genes. Moreover, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs also shape the epigenetic landscape during metastasis. In this review, we have provided a snapshot of the quintessential role of DNMTs in metastasis. We also summarize how lncRNAs and circRNAs play roles in the epigenetic regulation of a myriad of genes.

The purpose of the study: evaluation of clinical outcomes after thoracoplastic operations, including D. Nass in children with various forms of chest deformities.Methods: 28 thoracoplastic surgeries were performed on the basis of the Zhambyl Regional Children's Hospital from 2015, and 3 of them in cooperation with specialists from the UMC "NSMC". By sexual ratio, boys prevailed (1:3,6). According to the types of deformities 55.6% of the pectus excavatum, 21.4% of the Poland syndrome, 14% of the pectus carinatum. All the children underwent radiological studies: radiography, CT with the definitions of the Gyzick and Haller indexes.Results: Indication for an operative intervention with a funnel-shaped cosmetic defect of the chest, the Haller index is more than 3.25; the Gizyck index is less than 0.65. The average duration of operations was 56.39 ± 1.40 min, the time spent in the intensive care unit was 1.14 ± 0.12 days, and the time spent in the pediatric orthopedics department was 12.35 ± 1.15 days. Based on the results of IG in the pre-operative period averaged 0.59, after the operation the mean IG increased to 1.00, which shows a correction of the chest. Differences of IG in the preoperative and postoperative periods demonstrate an increase in the IG index by an average of 85.0% of the initial.Conclusions: According to our observations, the results of D. Nass's operation under endovision, in the postoperative period, show good and satisfactory results to 85% of cases, with a low risk of complications. When fixing the plate, it is recommended to strictly observe the operating technique: epipleural implant insertion, blockage of the ends with short transverse plates, which contributes to the stability of the metal structure.Key words: thoracic deformation, thoracoplasty, D. Nass operation. Зерттеменің мақсаты: балалардағы кеуде қуысы түрлі деформациясының торакопластикалық отадан кейінгі және Д.Насс әдісін қолданғаннан кейінгі клиникалық нәтижелерді бағалау. Surgical treatment of chest deformitiesӘдістері: 2015 жылдан бері ЖОБА 28 торакопластикалық ота жасалынды, оның 3-і АБҰҒО мамандарымен бірлесіп жүргізілді. Жыны-сына байланысты ұлдар басым болды (1:3,6). Көкірек деформация түрлері бойынша 55,6% құйғы тәріздес, Полланд синдромымен 21,4%, құс-төстер 14% құрады. Барлық балалар радиологиялық зерттеулерден өтті: рентгенография, компьютелтік томография, Гижицк және Гал-лер индекстерінің анықтауымен.Нәтижелері: Кеуденің құйғы тәрізді деформациясына оперативті емге араласу көрсеткіші болып табылады: косметикалық ақау, Галлер индексі 3,25-тен артық; Гижицк индексі 0,65-тен аз болған жағдайларда. Операциялардың орташа ұзақтығы 56.39 ± 1.40 мин, реанимация бөлімінде өткізілген уақыт 1.14 ± 0.12 күн, ортопедия бөлімінде өткізілген уақыт 12.35 ± 1.15 күн болды. ГИ нәтижелеріне сүйене отырып, операцияға дейін орташа есеппен 0,59, ал отадан кейін ГИ орташа 1.00 дейін өсті. Алдын ала операциядан кейінгі және операциядан кейінгі кезеңдегі IG айырмашылығы IG индексінің орташа мәнін бастапқы 85,0% -ға арттырады.Қорытынды:...

Cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease because of its heterogeneous and multifaceted nature. Decades of research have sequentially and systematically enabled us to develop a sharper and better understanding of the heterogeneous nature of cancer. Genetic, genomic and proteomic studies have unraveled wide-ranging signaling cascades which play cornerstone role in disease onset and progression. More importantly, activation of pro-survival signaling and loss of apoptosis also play critical role in cancer progression. TRAIL-mediated signaling pathway has emerged as one of the most comprehensively analyzed cascade because of its exceptional ability to target cancer cells while leaving normal cells intact. TRAIL discovery and landmark achievements related to TRAIL/TRAIL-receptor signaling pathway attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, scientists started to add missing pieces to an incomplete jig-saw puzzle and allowed contemporary researchers to conceptualize a better molecular snapshot of TRAIL-induced signaling in various cancers. Circumstantial evidence illuminated a functionally unique "push and pull" between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins in different cancers. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins shifted the balance towards loss of apoptosis. There has been a breakneck increase in the number of clinical trials related to TRAIL-based therapeutics which validate the true pharmacological potential of TRAIL-based therapeutics as effective anticancer agents. However, apart from advancements in our clinical understanding about the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics, researchers have also faced setbacks in the field of translational medicine. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to set spotlight on the most recent and landmark discoveries which have leveraged our understanding related to TRAIL-mediated signaling altogether to a new level.