Este artículo busca sistematizar el papel de la segunda Cámara legislativa en la coordinación de intereses de forma vertical entre el nivel central y los subestatales. En primer lugar, se señalan las variables que deben analizarse para medir los incentivos y restricciones que ofrece la gobernanza legislativa de los países bicamerales en favor de la coordinación interinstitucional vertical, con la consecuente profundización de la descentralización política. En segundo lugar, las variables –simetría, congruencia y particularismo político de las Cámaras Altas– son desglosadas y dotadas de puntuación para, a continuación, testarlas empíricamente para los nueve países latinoamericanos que disponen de un Legislativo compuesto por dos Cámaras. Por último, con los resultados obtenidos, se elabora un índice de bicameralismo que mide la capacidad de las segundas Cámaras para incorporar las demandas subestatales en el Legislativo central y, por tanto, en el fomento de las relaciones verticales entre instituciones.
The aim of this chapter is to define and to measure electronic democracy. In order to achieve this purpose, first, different conceptual perspectives about the interconnection between new information and communication technologies and democratic institutions are described. Second, a definition of electronic democracy and its relationship with classical theories on representative democracy is provided. Third, with this description, an index to measure the stage of development of electronic democracy in a given political system is developed. Fourth, the index is tested in some Latin American municipalities. Finally, with the obtained results, some conclusions about the level and nature of electronic-democracy implementation in the region are described. The chapter adopts an institutional approach to understand the impact of ICTs on institutions that illustrates how difficult defining and measuring this reality can get.
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