The finding of a rotated spermatic cord could be a highly reliable and direct sign for the diagnosis of a testicular torsion, and this is especially important when vascular flow is present within the affected testis on color Doppler US examination. Examination of the spermatic cord should be added to evaluation of the testis in patients with suspected testicular torsion to enhance sensitivity of the examination.

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder wall is a frequent benign degenerative hyperplasia of unknown etiology. In some cases it looks like a malignant tumor. The diagnosis can be suspected during ultrasound examination. We report a 36 year-old male that presented with nonspecific dyspepsia. The ultrasound showed a gallbladder mass with small cyst and echogenic spot inside that suggested the presence of Rokitansky-Ashoff sinuses, seen in adenomyomatosis. The patient was operated and the tumor was excised. The pathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the presence of gallbladder adenomyomatosis.

Subgaleal lipomas. Ultrasound findings Background: Lipomas are frequent benign soft tissue tumors. They are classified as superficial or deep. In the head, they are localized under the galea or epicraneal aponeurosis. Clinically, they present as non symptomatic smooth tumors. Aim: To describe ultrasound (US) findings of subgaleal lipomas. Material and methods: Retrospective review of seven patients aged between 31 and 52 years (five males) with subgaleal lipomas. Results: All lipomas were localized in the forehead. At US, they appeared as solid masses; 43% were isoechoic and 47% hyperechoic compared to subcutaneous tissue. The average size was 13 mm. They had a semi spherical shape, with a flat base and a convex surface, a regular margin, no vascular vessels at Doppler ultrasound and were surrounded by the galea. Discussion: In this series of patients, all masses had a similar US appearance that suggested the diagnosis of lipoma (Rev Méd Chile 2008; 136: 334-7).

El año 2015 se creó la Alianza por un Chile sin diabetes, agrupación cuyo objetivo es promover y difundir el conocimiento e investigación en torno a esta enfermedad, que afecta a casi 2 millones de chilenos. El 2017 la Alianza organizó el 1.

Objectives: To describe sonographic findings of appendicular lymphoid hyperplasia (ALH) and to report demographic data of patients with ALH operated for acute appendicitis (AA). Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, 694 biopsies of consecutive AA surgeries with previous ultrasonography (US) were reviewed, after selecting the ALH cases. Results: Twenty-five ALH cases were proved histologically (3.8% of appendectomies). The mean age was 13 years, with 84% under 20 years. US findings showed increased appendiceal diameter (average 7 mm) (82%), hypoechogenic pseudonodular mucosal thickening (50%), concentric parietal thickening (13%), and periappendiceal inflammatory changes (18%). In four cases, a normal appendix was noted on US, with two associated with intestinal intussusceptions. Conclusion: ALH is a benign entity most frequent in children that can predispose to AA. Both pathologies can increase the appendiceal diameter. In the pediatric group, ALH could be considered when hypoechogenic pseudonodular appendicular mucosal thickening in the absence of periappendiceal inflammatory changes occurs.